神经发生

While the tissue spaces surrounding a few blood vessels wasAl and Fg positive,no Al or Fg positive cells were observed.In antemortem injurygroup,diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral edema,swelling or pyknotic neu-rons could be observed.The axons showed irregular swelling and disconnection at1～3h,marked swelling and disconnection at 6h,and retraction ball at 15h whichwas more remarkable at 24h after injury.The space between myelin sheaths andaxons was increased at 3～6h after injury.Tortuous and wavelike myelin sheathswhich adhered on axons incompletely,or even peeled off could be found from 15hto 24h after injury.Perinuclear lysis of Nissl bodies began at 24h after injury.Thenumber of GFAP positive cells in cerebrum and brain-stem increased significantlyfollowed by decrease,and then increased again,but the time courses of the changesin different areas of brain were not same.Al and Fg positive neural cells,mainlysurrounded blood vessels,with diffuse or peripherally distributed positive matter incytoplasm could be observed at 0.5h after injury.The number of Al or Fg positivecells and the intensity of immunoreaction increased with the time of injury.The areaof SYN positivity in medulla oblongata and pons decreased notably 3～6h afterinjury,then return to normal levels and continued to 24h after injury.

生前损伤组，可见广泛蛛网膜下腔出血，脑组织水肿，神经细胞肿胀，晚期神经元固缩；伤后1～3h见部分神经轴突不规则增粗、断裂，伤后6h断端膨大，伤后15h可见收缩球，至伤后24h更为明显；伤后3～6h可见部分神经髓鞘与轴突之间的间隙增宽，伤后15h髓鞘明显曲折，不完全附着在轴突两侧，甚至剥脱，持续到伤后24h；核周尼氏体减少在伤后24h才开始出现；同一部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目随损伤时间发生改变，先增多（最早在伤后0.5h），达到高峰后减少，其后又有增多趋势，但不同部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目增减的时间过程不尽相同，同时，大脑中的GFAP阳性细胞数目也有改变；伤后0.5h，可在脑干组织中见到Al和Fg阳性神经细胞，主要位于血管周围，阳性物在胞浆中呈弥散性分布，但部分细胞的阳性物仅分布于靠近胞膜的胞浆中而呈环状，随损伤时间延长，阳性细胞数目增多，反应强度增加；伤后3～6h，延髓及桥脑中的SYN阳性物面积减少，其后恢复到正常水平，并持续到伤后24h。

Methods 132 neurosurgical patients undergoing selective subfrontal craniotomy without the pain of the incision of scalp were involved. The onset, severity, and characters of the neuralgia were recorded.

132例择期行冠状切口经额下入路的神经外科患者，排除切口局部疼痛后记录神经痛的发生时间、程度和性质；所有拟诊为术后神经痛的患者首先应用非甾体类消炎镇痛药物口服及脱水治疗，对经药物治疗后疼痛视觉模拟评分仍高于7分的患者行类固醇激素神经阻滞疗法。

It is advised to avoid clamping of the nerves prior to transection in order to avoid the pain so frequently encountered following crushing injuries.

谨慎处理切断的神经以避免敏感性的疼痛性神经瘤的发生。

So during the collection of fault sample data and checking data, the paper sets up the mathematics model of control system first. We cause all kinds of fault in the control system, then collects a variety of fault data. After unitarily dealing, the fault data server as the sample data of training neural network. At the same time, according to the collection of checking data, it examines whether the trained neural network have the function of fault diagnosis.

在故障样本数据及检验数据的采集过程中，首先建立了控制系统的数学模型，人为地让控制系统发生各种故障，从而采集到各种故障数据，经过归一化处理后，作为训练神经网络的样本数据；同时，也采集检验数据，用以检验训练出的神经网络是否能够起到故障诊断的作用。

Results showed that there were the morphological changes of mitochondria, such as vacuolization, degeneration and cristae swelling or disappearance, in HT-29 cells treated by C2-ceramide for 24 hours. Under the fluorescence microscope, mitochondria of apoptotic cells aggregated and emitted red fluorescence, however, mitochondria of normal cells emitted green fluorescence. The mitochondrial membrane potential began to decrease after 6 hours in HT-29 cells treated with C2-ceramide in time and dose dependent manner.

结果显示C2-神经酰胺作用HT-29细胞24小时，线粒体发生空泡化、变性、嵴肿胀或消失等形态学改变；此时荧光显微镜下可观察到线粒体聚集，发出红色荧光，而正常细胞线粒体发出绿色荧光。C2-神经酰胺作用细胞6小时，线粒体膜电位即开始降低，呈时间-剂量-效应关系。

Most of cases had following characteristic MRI findings: olfactory nerve tumors were often located at anterior cranial fossae and appeared as lobulated mass; optic nerve tumors presented as nerve thickening; tregemimal nerve tumors usually grew across the middle and posterior cranial fossae and appeared as a collar-button appearance; tumors of Ⅷ nerves were nerve thickening and located at CPA; facial nerve tumor was located in mastoid with irregular shape; hypoglossal nerve tumors, vagus nerve tumors and hypoglossal nerve tumors were often located in an enlarged jugular foramen.

脑神经肿瘤发生在特定部位，大部分有特征性MRI表现：嗅神经肿瘤多位于颅前窝，呈分叶状；视神经肿瘤多有神经束增粗；三叉神经肿瘤骑跨颅中、后窝生长，呈哑铃状；听神经肿瘤为第Ⅶ、Ⅷ神经束增粗，并与桥小脑角区肿瘤相连；面神经肿瘤位于乳头内，形态不规则；舌咽、迷走、舌下神经肿瘤位于颈静脉孔区，往往伴有颈静脉孔扩大。

The bone inosculates at the bone-planted position one year after the bone-planted operation,and the functions of nerve recover well.

结果 本组52例病人中，均未发生定位错误，无断钉、断棒及椎弓根钉松动、滑脱，无感染及医源性神经损伤等并发症，术后1年植骨处获得骨性融合，神经功能恢复良好。

The neuromas presumably arose from small perivascular nerve twigs that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of intramedullary neuromas in non-neoplastic spinal diseases.

神经瘤大概由血管周小神经末梢发展而来，这些神经末梢与髓内神经瘤的发生有一定关系。

In acoustic neuromas, patients with LOH were younger at the age of diagnosis, and larger tumor size, had shorter history and higher growth rate. Conclusions CHR22 LOH was a frequent event in the tumorigenesis of sporadic schwannoma. The presence of CHR22 LOH was related to clinical features.

CHR22 杂合子丢失是神经鞘瘤发生中的常发事件，缺失的区域包括NF2基因，CHR22 杂合子丢失与听神经瘤的临床行为有一定的关系，CHR22 杂合子丢失可能是神经鞘瘤增殖的重要因素。

Axonal degeneration similar to that observed in KIF 1A mutants has also been reported for several neurodegenerative diseases such as senile dementia and most recently Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A by another synaptic vesicle precursors transporter KIF1B knockout mice. In some neurodegenerative diseases, neuronal cell death caused by defects in the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors by KIF1A may be involved.

和KIF1A基因剔除鼠相似的轴突变性在一些神经退行性疾病如老年性痴呆的研究中也有发现，特别是最近，与KIF1A一样运输突触小泡前体的KIF1B基因剔除鼠与Charcot-Marie-Tooth二型疾病的关系，更提示了KIF1A基因的功能缺失，与神经退行性病变及神经元死亡的发生有不可分割的关系。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。