神经发生

Apoptosis was induced by hypoxia injury in the NSCs, the amount of apoptosis in the group treated with NYA serum was significantly lower than that of model group and normal-serum group. It suggested that NYA serum can inhibit the NSCs apoptosis.

培养神经干细胞缺氧损伤后发生凋亡，脑溢安血清组凋亡细胞数显著低于模型组和正常血清组，提示脑溢安能减少缺氧损伤神经干细胞凋亡。

RESULTS:After pinealectomized mice was irradiated WBI with 75 mGy X-rays,we found levels of plasma corticosterone increased obviously,and the effects of the proliferative reaction of splenocytes to ConA and spontaneous proliferation of thymocytes was found to be decrease. But injecting melatonin into pinealectomized mice or putting melatonin in the cultured cell,its immune functions might renew the enhancement.CONCLUSION:Melatonin of pineal gland might regulate the immunoenhancement induced by low dose radiation.MeSH Pineal body; Melatonin; Radiation; Corticosterone; Immunity,cellular

低剂量辐射(low dose radiation，LDR)全身照射(whole body irradiation，WBI)可引起免疫系统的兴奋效应，主要表现在以T淋巴细胞功能激活为主的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的增强并可提高机体的抗瘤作用［4，5］，在LDR诱发免疫功能增强的同时伴有下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统功能下调等神经内分泌功能的改变，神经内分泌对免疫系统的调节可能是LDR免疫兴奋效应发生的必要条件，松果腺MLT与辐射免疫兴奋效应的关系值得研究。

Recently, it is proved that SP is also involved in pain modulation, acupuncture analgesia and immunoin- hibition. However, the role of CGRP in them is unclear Therefore, the dy- namic changes of CGRP-, SP-like immunoreactivity and expression ofα- CGRP,β-CGRP mRNAs in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord in the arthritic rats were observed by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques combined with behavioral tests, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of this peoptide on the develoment of polyarthritis were investigated by intrthecal injections of CGRP and its antagonist in the rats. In addtion, GAL is a novel neuropeptide which coexists with CGRP and SP, but it may play a different role in the primary sensory system. Thus, we also observed the changes of GAL and GAL mRNA in DRG neurons and the spinal cord. The results were as follows

为此本文拟在大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型上，结合行为学测定、用免疫组织化学、原位核酸分子杂交技术观察脊髓背角及DRG中CGRP、SP、α-CGRP mRNA、β-CGRPmRNA的动态变化及电针的影响，此外，用鞘内和外周注射CGRP的工具药探讨了CGRP在佐剂性关节炎发生发展中的可能作用；甘丙肽（Galanin，GAL）也是新近发现的一个神经肽，并与CGRP和SP共存于DRG及初级传入末梢中，在神经损伤模型中脊髓CGRP、SP减少，GAL则明显增加，显示GAL与CGRP和SP的作用可能不同，因此在佐剂性关节炎模型上也同时观察了GAL和GAL mRNA的变化，实验结果如下

ConclusionAnterior approaches for the thoracolumbar bursting fracture without neurological injuries provide complete decompression,quick sacralization and stable fixation, and also effectively avoid the risk of spinal cord injury caused by kyphosis deformity.

结论无神经损伤胸腰椎爆裂骨折经前路手术，减压彻底，融合快，固定坚强，且避免了后期发生后凸畸形引起脊髓神经再损伤的潜在危险。

Metabolic cherry-red spot occurs in other lysosomal enzyme deficiences such as generalized gangliosidosis (GM 1), Sandhoff's, Gaucher's, mucolipidosis Types 1 and 2, Niemann-Pick Type A, and multiple sulfatase deficiency. Vision is usually subnormal because the ganglion cells are not working properly.

代谢性眼部樱桃红斑发生在许多溶酶体酶缺乏的疾病中出现，如GM1神经节苷脂贮积病，sandhoff病，高雪氏病，粘脂质贮积病1，2型，尼曼匹克病A型，及多种硫酸酯酶缺乏病等，由于神经节细胞异常，视力一般轻度受损。

Dorsal root ganglion cells are the primary afferent neurons of algaesthesis of trunk and extremities. DRG connects the spinal cord with internal and external environment of the organism. It not only transmits and accommodates sensations but also accepts and conveys nociception of the organism, so it plays an important role in occurance and maintenance of neuropathologic pain.

背根神经节是躯干、四肢痛觉的初级传入神经元，是机体内外环境与脊髓连接的纽带，具有传输和调节机体的各种感觉，接受和传递各种伤害性感受的功能，在神经病理性疼痛的发生与维持中起着重要作用。

In these studies, the application of inflammatory chemicals or algesic mediators such as substance P and phospholipase A2, were found to result in inflammatory changes consisting of vasodilation, venous congestion, and the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

在疼痛感受神经和本体感受神经末梢，都发生神经致敏作用，这可以通过机械刺激阈值降低得以证实，从而导致了多单位放电率的升高以及原来静默单位的恢复放电。

Results The long term results of the vascularized fibular graft varied in different types of bone defects. Nine patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia had the limb function restored in 65％ and one had nonunion of fibular graft, 3 fractures(7 times), and 5 angular deformities. Three patients with congenital radial deficiency had 62％ restoration of the limb function. All of them showed early closure of epiphyses of the grafted fibulae. Five cases with osteomyelitis and bone defects combined soft tissue deficiency had 94％ restoration of the limb function, and only one occurred fracture of fibular graft. One case with soft tissue defect and concomitant ulnar defect, ulnar nerve and median nerve injury, 67％ function of limb was recovered, and union of fibula graft was good. 100％ function of limb was recovered in 1 case with cavernoma of radius and without occurring valgus deformity of donor site.

结果应用带血管腓骨移植修复骨缺损的远期效果因缺损类型的不同而存在较大差异。9例先天性胫骨假关节患者，术后肢体功能恢复65％，其中移植腓骨骨不连1例、骨折3例(7次)、成角畸形5例；3例先天性桡骨缺如患者，术后肢体功能恢复62％，3例术后均出现移植腓骨骨骺线早闭，畸形复发；5例骨髓炎、骨外露、骨缺损并软组织缺损患者，术后肢体功能恢复94％，仅1例发生移植腓骨骨折；1例前臂软组织缺损并尺骨缺损，尺神经、正中神经损伤者，术后肢体功能恢复67％，骨愈合顺利；1例桡骨海绵状血管瘤者，术后肢体功能恢复100％，骨愈合顺利。

The morphogenesis of encephalocoele in rats given ETU was investigated by light microscopy. From mutually affect on endothelial cell and the neuron, We explored the molecule bases of changes in encephalocoele through studied expression of eNOS, nNOS, iNOS protein and mRNA.

研究资料表明NO增高可以促使细胞发生凋亡，从而影响神经管的发育，但在三种类型NOS中，究竟是来源于哪一种类型NOS的NO在神经管发育过程中起主导作用目前尚不清楚。

The content of bcl-2 protein of the epithelia in the experimental groups decreased, the amount of bax protein increased compared with the control groups.

高温能干扰bcl-2和bax的表达，诱发神经上皮的凋亡，导致神经管畸形的发生。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。