神经内的

Furthermore, abnormal morphology, shrinkage and reduced density of dendritic spines and defects in LTP were observed in brains of the patients suffering from mental retardation and neurodegenerative diseases; many mutant genes found from these patients encode component proteins of signal transduction for neuronal plasticity. These studies on synaptic plasticity would certainly promote making the effective prevention and treatment procedures for mental and neurodegenerative diseases.

此外，在精神迟滞性疾病和神经退行性疾病患者脑内记录到异常的LTP，并发现神经元的树突棘数量减少，形态上产生畸变或萎缩，同时发现，产生突变的基因大多编码调节突触可塑性的信号通路蛋白，故突触可塑性研究也将促进精神和神经疾病的预防和治疗。

Between P14 and P21,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction in the brain,heart and liverbecame much lower. However,between P21 and P28,CIAPIN1 immunoreactionin the heart,brain,liver and skeletal muscle became much lower,while with thekidney development,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction in the kidney became higher. Invarious tissues from adult mouse,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction could be seen incardiac muscle cell,brain,hepatocyte,epithelium of renal tubule,skeletal muscle,lung tissue,gastric mucosa and gland,acinus lienalis.2. Distribution of CIAPIN1 in normal fetal and adult human tissuesTo reveal the possible physiological role of CIAPIN1,we examined theexpression and distribution of CIAPIN1 in fetal and adult human tissues usingimmunohistochemistry. We found that CIAPIN1 was ubiquitously distributed infetal and adult tissues,and was localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

然而，在3个月大的成年鼠中，CIAPIN1阳性反应物在心、脑、肝和肾小管中的表达强度要低于P28小鼠；但CIAPIN1阳性反应物在成年鼠骨骼肌中较P28小鼠高。2、CIAPIN1蛋白在人5个月胚胎及成人多器官组织内的表达在人5月胚胎多器官组织中，CIAPIN1阳性反应物见于心脏、胆囊单层柱状上皮和粘膜、结肠粘膜、小肠粘膜和绒毛、肝脏、直肠腺体、胃粘膜、肾上腺束状带、甲状腺滤泡、脾索、胸腺小叶间隔、皮肤真皮层和汗腺、睾丸白膜和间质、脑组织内神经元和神经胶质、肺小支气管和肺泡、骨骼肌、肾脏皮髓质和肾小管、子宫内膜、胰腺腺泡和胰岛、卵巢、输卵管粘膜等绝大多数组织细胞。

It is widely accepted that AP depolarize the plasma membrane and open voltage-dependent calcium channels , the calcium influx through VDCCs trigger the fusion of vesicles with plasma membrane and subsequent transmitter release.

现在被普遍接受的观点是当可兴奋细胞受到动作电位的刺激后，细胞的电压依赖性钙离子通道被打开，在动作电位的下降相引起细胞外钙离子的内流从而升高细胞内的游离钙离子浓度，触发许多细胞内的过程，譬如说神经递质分泌、信号转导和基因表达等。

JuA with the concentrations 0.05g/L and 0.10g/L were tested based on the excitatory effect of 1000KIU/L penicillin and it was found that JuA could inhibit the burst induced by penicillin in CA1 pyramidal cells. Phenobarbital sodium was also applied as apositive control, and the results were in consistent with those reported.

说明青霉素主要通过升高神经组织内的谷氨酸水平破坏神经系统的兴奋和抑制的平衡，而JuA则可以逆转青霉素引起的谷氨酸的升高，在递质的水平起到神经抑制和保护作用。

The IFN-γ immunoreactive cells and dendrites with higher density were detected in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ layer of whole spinal cord,the lumbosa sacral parasympathetic nucleus dorsal commissural nucleus,the Ⅸ laye...

中间带和腹角内的阳性胞体的树突还伸向外侧索和腹索，有时可达脊髓边缘。本试验证明了 IFN-γ在腰骶髓段脊髓内的分布，从而在细胞水平为&免疫神经内分泌网络&学说提供了形态学依据。

In fact, cells with NSCs-like properties are likely to occur throughout the adult CNS, but they are able to give rise to neurons in only a few restricted areas in vivo, i.e., the subventricular zone in the wall of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Very poor regenerative capability of the adult mammalian CNS could be explained as follows: first, theneuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs may be inhibited by microenvironmental factors present in most areas of the adult CNS.

成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统可怜的再生能力可能主要归结于两方面的原因：第一，成年动物中枢神经系统内的大多数区域存在一些特殊的微环境因素，它们抑制了内源性神经干细胞向神经元方向的分化；第二，内源性神经干细胞的数量太少，不足以形成有效的自我修复。

Following the deep researches of glaucoma pathological mechanism, the protective effects of neurotrophic were more and more important for therapy of glaucoma.ciliary neurotrophic factor can induce differentiation of nerve cells, decrease apoptosis of nerve cells and accelerator regeneration of cells.

随着对青光眼病理机制研究的深入，其治疗也由单一的降低眼内压的同时加强神经功能的保护，睫状神经营养因子可诱导多种神经细胞分化，减少神经细胞凋亡和促进细胞再生。

Activation of the surface DORs causes a slow Ca〓 elevation by both inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated intracellular Ca〓 release and extracellular Ca〓 entry, resulting in a slow and long-lasting increase in intracellular Ca〓, exocytosis, DOR insertion and CGRP release.

激活DOR引起的DOR的上膜是依赖于LDCV与细胞膜的融合和细胞内的钙离子升高。激活DORs可以引起胞内IP3钙库的释放，和一种不通过电压依赖性钙通道的外钙内流；从而引起DOR的上膜和神经肽的分泌。

Tissues with the highest concentrations of sulfhydryl groups include the brain, nerve tissue, spinal ganglia, anterior pituitary, adrenal medulla, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, heart and intestinal lymph glands.

汞也会因为与sulfhydryl基的高亲和性而改变生物系统，因为sulfhydryl基是钗h酵素和荷尔蒙的弁钶'魽C组织中有高浓度sulfhydryl基的器官包括脑、神经组织、脊椎神经节、前脑下垂体、肾上腺髓质、肝、肾、脾脏、肺、心脏和小肠内的淋巴腺。

Histologically, the seminiferous tubules contained numerous Sertoli cells and more Sertoli-spermatozoa complexes, accompanied by the depletion of Leydig cells with deeply stained nuclei. Mature spermatozoa were stored up in the epididymis, but only a few in the efferent ducts. In the second place was testicular atrophy（32/120; 26.7%）. The seminiferous tubules showed moderate to severe inactivity of spermiogenesis with evidence of only spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells were obviously decreased in numbers associated with decrease of lipid droplets in their cytoplasms. Testicular hypoplasia was the third disorders（22/120; 18.3%）. Only a few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells appeared without any spermiogenesis. The associated changes was decreased in Leydig cells and fibrous hyperplasia in the interstitium.Epididymal stones were sometimes found（12/120; 10%）. Grossly, yellowish-white nodules with various sizes and firm in consistency were observed in the epididymis and the front efferent ducts. Microscopically, the epididymal ducts were dilated with voluminous spermatozoa storage, even showed calcification in severe cases. The deposited calcium salts were stained positively by Von Kossa and Alizarin red methods.Amyloidosis was also detected in 10 roosters（8.3%）. Eosinophilic, homogeneous, amyloid-like substances were deposited mainly in the testicular interstitium and the periphery of blood vessels. These substances showed positive reaction by Congo red staining. Five roosters（4.2%）had Marek's lesions in the testis, epididymis and peripheral nerves with infiltration of pleomorphic lymphocytes. Only one case showed epithelial necrosis of seminiferous tubules accompanied by fibrous proliferation in the interstitium.

结果发现，在总共搜集的120个病例中，其中因年老所导致的产精力不佳为最多，占38例（31.7%），於镜下可见大量精虫黏附於Sertoli cell的表面，并可见Sertoli cell数量明显增多而Leydig cell明显减少，且其细胞核呈现浓染的现象，而在其副睪中仍可见到成熟精虫蓄留於管腔中，但在其输精管内却只有少量精虫存在；其次为睪丸萎缩，占32例（26.7%），镜下可见中度至重度无造精作用，其生精小管中只见到精母细胞、精原细胞及Sertoli cell存在，但Leydig cell数量明显减少且其细胞质内的脂质也明显减少；睪丸发育不全，占22例（18.3%），於生精小管内只见到精母细胞及少量Sertoli cell存在，不见造精细胞分化，於生精小管间质可见Leydig cell减少并伴随结缔组织增生；副睪结石，占12例（10%），肉眼下可在副睪及输精管前段见到黄白色大小不一的结节，触感坚硬，於镜下可见副睪管扩张并有大量成熟精虫蓄积，严重时可见钙化现象，以Von Kossa及茜素红染色均呈阳性反应；类淀粉沉著症，占10例（8.3%），镜下在睪丸间质及血管周围可见粉红均质样的物质沉积，以刚果红染色成阳性反应；马立克病，占5例（4.2%），镜下可在睪丸、副睪实质及周边神经内均可见到嗜碱性大小不一的淋巴样细胞浸润；睪丸坏死，占1例（0.8%），镜下可见生精小管上皮细胞坏死脱落及间质结缔组织增生。

It seems likely that Kraft will return with a better offer.

看起来卡夫要重新考虑一个更好的出价了。

But he'd rather burn off my feelers and watch me squirm.

可他却放任那个家伙对我为所欲为！