神经内的

The distribution of ubiquitin positive dystrophic neurites and neuronal intranuclear inclusions were investigated. Results Morphologically,it was characterized by marked atrophy of bilateral striatum with loss of neurons and mild proliferation of astrocytes.

泛素阳性的营养不良性神经突起和神经细胞核内包涵体主要出现在大脑皮层的Ⅲ～Ⅴ层，神经细胞核内泛素阳性包涵体在大脑额叶前区皮层达22%，依次为顶叶7%、枕叶3%、颞叶1%和扣带回1%。

After hypoxia, the expression of BDNF and GDNF protein in NSC increas, and NYA can up-regulate the expression of BDNF and GDNF protein.

缺氧损伤后，神经干细胞内BDNF、GDNF蛋白表达增强，脑溢安能上调缺氧损伤神经干细胞内BDNF、GDNF蛋白的表达。

NGFR positive nerve fibres were markedly reduced or absent in muscular layer and submucous layer while the hypertrophic nerve trunks in myenteric and submucosal plexuses showed a sheath of intense staining in the aganglionic colon from patients with HD.

结果 丰富的NGFR染色阳性神经纤维分布于正常结肠环肌层及粘膜下层，少量分布于纵肌层，NGFR染色阳性神经元分布于肌间神经丛及粘膜下神经丛；NGFR 染色阳性神经纤维在HD无肌间神经节细胞肠段肌层及粘膜下层内明显减少或缺如，而肌间肥大的神经干及粘膜下神经干为NGFR染色阳性，并且在其外周可见一强阳性染色带。

The results obtained are as follows:(1) injection of 50, 100, and 200 nmol/kg adenosine into the renal artery increased the renal afferent nerve activity in a dose-dependent manner with unchanged arterial pressure;(2) pretreatment with 8-cyclopenthl -1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 160 nmol/kg), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, partly abolished the effect of adenosine; and (3) pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N w-nitro- L -arginine methylester (L -NAME, 0.1 mmol/kg) significantly enhanced the ARNA response to adenosine.

结果表明：(1)肾动脉内注射50， 100和200 nmol/kg腺苷可呈剂量依赖性地兴奋肾神经传入纤维的活动，而动脉血压不变。(2)肾动脉内预先应用选择性腺苷A1受体阻断剂DPCPX (160 nmol/kg)，可部分阻断腺苷对肾神经传入纤维的兴奋作用。(3)静脉应用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂 L -NAME(0.1 mmol/kg)预处理，延长并增强了肾神经传入纤维对腺苷的反应。

The results obtained are as follows:(1) injection of 50, 100, and 200 nmol/kg adenosine into the renal artery increased the renal afferent nerve activity in a dose-dependent manner with unchanged arterial pressure;(2)pretreatment with 8-cyclopenthl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 160 nmo//kg), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, partly abolished the effect of adenosine; and (3) pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 0.1 mmol/kg)significantly enhanced the ARNA response to adenosine.

结果表明：(1)肾动脉内注射50，100和200nmol/kg腺苷可呈剂量依赖性地兴奋肾神经传入纤维的活动，而动脉血压不变。(2)肾动脉内预先应用选择性腺苷A1受体阻断剂DPCPX(160nmol/kg)，可部分阻断腺苷对肾神经传入纤维的兴奋作用。(3)静脉应用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME(0.1mmol/kg)预处理，延长并增强了肾神经传入纤维对腺苷的反应。

To study the information of 3 major nerves and the feasibility of nerve-signal controlled prosthesis after implantation of intrafascicular electrodes in the ulnar, radial, median nerve of upper arm in amputee volunteer.

在残肢志愿受试者上臂尺、桡、正中神经植入神经束内电极，研究三大主要神经的神经信息和神经信息控制假肢的可行性。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

［Objective］ To analyze the outcome of internal fixation for occipitalization with atlantoaxial joint dislocation by posterior decompression and occipitocervical fusion ［Method］ From December 2005 to June 2007,8 patients with occipitalization and atlantoaxial joint dislocation received removal of the posterior arcus of atlas and the enlargement of the posterior edge of the foramen magnum after skull traction performing for an average of 135 daysAll patients were operated on by posterior craniocervical fusion using cervifix internal fixation system and autologous ilium graftsThe clinical efficacy after operation was analyzed by Japanese Orthopaedic Associationneural function score ［Result］ All the patients were followed up from 6 months to 2 years, average of 15 monthsNo complication was foundAtlantodental interval was 5~9 mm before and 4~6 mm after skull tractionAtlantoaxial joint dislocation didn't completely reducedThe neurological defects were improved to some extents according to the JOA scoreImageology showed all patients had full decompression and bony fusionThe loosening or broken internal fixation was not found ［Conclusion］ Posterior decompression and fusion is a feasible method for the treatment of occipitalization with atlantoaxial joint dislocation,and the clinical effect is satisfactory

分析后路减压枕颈融合内固定术治疗合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化临床疗效。［方法］2005年12月至2007年6月间，对8例合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化患者在行颅骨牵引治疗一段时间（12~16 d，平均135 d）后采用枕骨大孔后缘扩大，寰椎后弓切除减压取自体髂骨枕颈融合Cervifix系统内固定术，手术后采用日本骨科学会神经功能评分分析临床疗效。［结果］8例患者随访6个月~2年，平均为15个月。8例患者无一例出现术后并发症，术前寰齿前间隙为5~9 mm，经颅骨牵引后为5~7 mm，寰枢关节脱位未能完全复位。手术前后JOA评分示神经症状均有不同程度恢复，影像学检查示枕颈区减压充分植骨区获得骨性融合，无一例出现内固定松动或断裂。［结论］合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化患者术前仔细评估影像学改变，采用颅骨牵引一段时间后行后路减压枕颈融合内固定术的治疗方案是合理可行的，且临床效果满意。

Results The radial nerve was embedded by the fracture ends in nine cases (17.3%) of the 52 cases, and contused in the other 43 ones. In the 63 cases, The injured nerves recovered spontaneously 2 to 12 weeks postoperatively except in two cases.

结果 52例行切开复位内固定术及桡神经探查术的患者中，9例(17.3%)桡神经被骨折端嵌压，其余43例均为桡神经挫伤。63例患者中，除2例外，桡神经损伤均于术后2~12周（平均8周）自行恢复。

Expose the nerve first at the posteromedial aspect of the distal end of the biceps femoris tendon and trace it distally to where it winds around the neck of the fibula. In this location the nerve is covered by the origin of the peroneus longus muscle. With the back of the knife blade toward the nerve, divide the thin slip of peroneus longus muscle bridging it. Then displace the nerve from its normal bed into an anterior position.

先在股二头肌腱远端后内方暴露腓总神经，顺神经向远端追踪至环绕腓骨头的部分，此处腓总神经被腓骨长肌起点覆盖，保持刀背指向腓总神经，挑断跨越神经的部分腓骨肌纤维，然后将腓总神经自正常的位置转移至前移的位置。

It seems likely that Kraft will return with a better offer.

看起来卡夫要重新考虑一个更好的出价了。

But he'd rather burn off my feelers and watch me squirm.

可他却放任那个家伙对我为所欲为！