神经元的

They also show Fos activation and phasic spiking increases in response to a variety of aversive stimuli (including footshock, cues that predict footshock and reward omission), and firing decreases in response to appetitive stimuli.

本研究表明，在最近所鉴定的GABA能的RMTg中主要用于接收LHb输入的神经元对中脑多巴胺神经元具有强烈的表达，并在后抑刺激（足部电击、休克的预测信号、食物剥夺或奖赏缺失）后出现短暂性活化和/或Fos诱导和在奖赏或预测的奖赏刺激后出现抑制。

In the brain of adult rat, the positive immunohistochemical product of lSL-l (ISL-l-positive) was mainly located in the neuronal nucleus and found in discrete regions except to brain cortex, such as the Purkinje cell layer and the granular cell layer of cerebellum, the granular cell layer and the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus, the mitral cell layer, the internal and external plexiform layer, the granular cell layer and the granular cell layer of olfactory bulb and so on, and several nuclei of the hypothalamus, midbrain and pons, such as claustrum, anterior olfactory nucleus, accumbens nucleus, caudate-ptamen, pallidum, substantia nigra, striatum, islands of Callaje, mammillary nucleus, anterior pretactal nucleus, habenular nucleus, amygdaloid nucleus, cuneate nucleus, rubral nucleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus and so on.

在正常成年大鼠脑中，同源框基因islet-1表达产物（ISL-1）免疫组织化学阳性物质广泛分布于除大脑皮层外的神经细胞的细胞核内，ISL-1阳性神经元密集分布于小脑Purkinje细胞层和颗粒细胞层、海马的颗粒细胞层和锥体细胞层、嗅球的内丛层、外丛层、颗粒细胞层及僧帽细胞层等，另外在丘脑、中脑和桥脑的一些重要神经元核团均有分布，如，屏状核、前嗅核、伏核、尾壳核、苍白球、黑质、纹状体、Calleja岛、乳头体核、前顶盖前核、缰核、杏仁核、楔束核、红核网状巨细胞核等。

Nerve repair at the level of spinal cord appeared as a new but challenging technique. The better understanding of regeneration from neurons and further refinement of instruments may push the brachial plexus surgery to a new level. Sensory and motor differentiated nerve coaptation plays an important role in the free neurovascular muscle transplantation due to the significance of motor axons for the flap reinnervation.

脊髓水平的神经修复是一个新而具有挑战性的技术，对神经元再生的深入理解（包括神经元误向生长与存活问题）与实验手段的完善（包括基因调控的成纤维细胞和雪旺细胞种植等），将使臂丛外科进入一个新的水平。

Proceed from the principle of neural networks, the mechanism of mapping between input and output of neural networks was analyzed, and the BP algorithm for training the thresholds of neurons was derived. Based on the study to the distinguishability of input of networks, the effect of neural networks to distinguish-ability of characteristics was studied, and the optimizations of the structure of networks, learning rate, impulse factor, thresholds of neurons and initial weight of networks were completed. Through the experiments under fixed cutting regime and alternative cutting regime, the methods based on neural networks for tool wear monitoring were studied.

本文从神经网络的基本原理出发，研究了神经网络输入输出的映射机理，探讨了神经网络处理方法具有自适应性的原因；推导了神经元阈值学习BP算法；在研究网络输入特征可分性准则和特征敏感性准则的基础上，探讨了神经网络对特征可分性的作用；完成对网络结构参数、网络学习率和冲量因子、神经元阈值以及网络初始权值等参数的优化；并在固定切削用量和变切削用量条件下，对基于神经网络的刀具磨损检测方法进行了实验研究。

There is an opinion that majority of patients with IND can be treated successfully with conservative treatment such as diet, laxatives and prokinetic drugs, however, in some severe cases a transient enterostomy or a segmental resection is unavoidable.

IND的诊断标准仍存在争议，Meier-Ruge提出了改良的粘膜活检来诊断IND，但行多处肠壁的全层病检，HE染色或Ache染色，对神经元发育不良较难判断的，加行神经元相关免疫组化检测的方法较为公认。

Alpha motor neurons that innervate muscle fibers are located in the ventral horns of the spinal cord, and comprise the efferent limb of this reflex arc.

这是一个单突触反射通路，运动依赖感受器的反馈，间接的Ⅰa传入纤维也在后角与抑制的中间神经元突触，这就能通过依次激活与α运动神经元连接的拮抗肌来抑制主动肌的紧张。

Ception can enter the dorsal-most laminae I and II but not grow further ventrally. As for the waiting period and the correct projection of the NT- 3 (neurotrophin-3)sensitive Ia neurons and other neurons, it is possible that other guidance cues might make more contribution.

至于腹侧投射性的神经营养因子习（neurotrophin3，NT3）敏感性肌梭h类神经元和其它神经元轴突的等待期和定向投射，则更有可能是在其它类型的导向因子的共同参与下进行的［81

The design theory and method is established for hybrid control system of aseismatic structure based on neural network.

建立基于神经元网络的抗震结构混合控制的理论和方法：进行基于神经元网络技术的消能减震器的优化设置研究，分析其有效控制的振型数量。

Within 2 weeks of inflammation, the expression of TRPV1 in small and medium-sized TG neurons increased obviously. Also the TRPV1 stained terminals and fibers appeared more frequent and denser in both the vibrissal pad skin and throughout laminae I and the outer zone of laminae II of Vc.

正常大鼠TRPV1主要表达于TG的中小神经元，触须部皮肤以及三叉神经尾侧亚核含丰富的TRPV1阳性末梢；面部炎症痛后2周内，TG的中小神经元，触须部皮肤末梢以及Vc的Ⅰ和Ⅱ外层均可见明显的TRPV1表达增加。

Within 2 weeks of inflammation, the expression of TRPV1 in small and medium-sized TG neurons increased obviously. Also the TRPV 1 stained terminals and fibers appeared more frequent and denser in both the vibrissal pad skin and throughout laminae I and the outer zone of laminae Ⅱ of Vc.

正常大鼠TRPV1主要表达于TG的中小神经元，触须部皮肤以及三叉神经尾侧亚核含丰富的TRPV1阳性末梢；面部炎症痛后2周内，TG的中小神经元，触须部皮肤末梢以及Vc的Ⅰ和Ⅱ外层均可见明显的TRPV1表达增加。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。