神经元的

The lesion, the changes of activity of cholinesterase and acid phosphatase of motor neurons in lateral nucleus of spinal cord anterior horn, the function of axoplasm transportation and nerve conduction, the regeneration of axons and myelin sheath, and the recovery of sciatic nerve function were examined at 7, 14, 30 and 90 days intervals after operation, using Nissl and enzyme histochemistry staining, electrophysiological technique, hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase retrograde trace method, axon image analysis, and measurement of sciatic function index. The spinal cord anterior horn of injury side was compared to the correspondence region of spinal cord.

分别于术后7、14、30和90d应用酶组织化学方法、电生理方法、HRP （hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase）逆行示踪方法、轴突图象分析方法以及坐骨神经功能指数（sciatic nerve function index，SFI）测量等方法检测坐骨神经损伤后对应脊髓神经元的存活率、神经元胞体酶系变化、损伤神经在轴浆运输、电传导以及轴突、髓鞘再生等方面的恢复情况，探索外周神经损伤后OECs及几丁质对神经元的保护作用以及对新生神经功能恢复的作用，为外周神经损伤的治疗提供新的理论基础。

Pathological study revealed compression mainly caused neuron atrophy and anterior column damage in the white matter, on the other hand, excessive cervical flexion combined with compression resulted in neuron atrophy, neuron edema, chromatolysis、vacuolization and it also caused demyelination、axon degeneration、axon necrosis in all the columns of the white matter.

病理结果显示，单纯压迫时，神经元的变化以萎缩为主，白质损害主要在前索。而在过度屈曲活动组，神经元除萎缩外，肿胀、尼氏体溶解和空泡变性等病理变化也比较常见，白质各索均可有损害。

Morphometric studies using Golgi-Cox techniques have shown that the CA1 pyramidal neurons rapidly maturate during the first postnatal month.

应用Golgi染色技术对CA1锥体神经元的研究表明，CA1锥体神经元在出生后一月内很快发育成熟。

In conclusion, Schwann cells from wallerian degenerating facial nerves of rats might bear with similar biological characteristics and functional phenotype to those from sciatic nerves in vitro, and they might be able to produce soluble NTFs for trophic support on facial motoneuron cultures. The establishment of methods for obtaining high-purity facial motoneuron cultures of rats with partially labeled fluorescence should be of significance in contribution to further investigation on facial motoneuron's response to NTFs and other affecting factors.

综上所述，本文通过面神经雪旺氏细胞体外培养条件下生物学特性、功能表型，及其对培养面神经运动神经元细胞的营养活性作用的研究，为在体外条件下研究雪旺氏细胞对面神经运动神经元的营养支持作用时，如何选择细胞来源，提供了实验依据；建立了获得较高纯度并带荧光标记的面神经运动神经元的分离和体外培养方法，为进一步研究影响面神经生长、损伤后再生修复的因素奠定了实验基础。

Open field test showed a low level of locomotion, rearing and grooming, which indicate a disruption of engagement in both a social and nonsocial nature and decreased explorational ability. These findings all fit the behaviors of depression. The increased adrenal weight and increased total number of CRF immunoreactive neurons in PVN of hypothalamus indicated the hyperactivity in HPA axis.

以上指标符合抑郁动物模型的标准；肾上腺重量增加和下丘脑室旁核CRF阳性神经元数目增加提示HPA活性升高；DST显示，预给地塞米松(dexamethasone，DEX)不能减少CUMS处理的大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRF阳性神经元数目，与之对应的是，预给DEX能够显著减少急性应激诱导的大鼠下丘脑室旁核神经元的增加，这提示DST的失抑制。

The morphological change alleviated and GFAP expression keeping high in astrocytes at 72h after cerebral ischemia. The results of cell culture show that IL-8 would increase the number of astrocytes and do not scathe neurons.

脑缺血后72hAS表达GFAP仍高同时脑组织中IL-8水平升高，并伴随受损神经元修复；说明GFAP表达及IL-8可能在神经元的抗损伤中具有作用。

In this dissertation,a new mechanism of stochastic resonance in the excitablesystem is presented,and the relationship between the stochastic resonance inexcitable neurons and the dynamic bistability is reported for the first time.Thepresent study deals with the extension of the concept of stochastic resonance,which has been thoroughly examined in bistable and simple excitable system,to amore complex system.It may even open the door to a better understanding ofstochastic resonance in neural system since experimental evidence supports theextension of such bistability in vitro preparations.

本文提出了可兴奋性系统中一种新的随机共振机制，首次报道了可兴奋性神经元中随机共振和动态双稳态的关系，将以前的单纯讨论双稳系统或可兴奋系统中的随机共振推广到了可兴奋系统中有动态双稳态更复杂的情形，由于在神经元的实验中已有关于动态双稳态的报道，本文所提出的随机共振为理解神经元中随机共振的编码机制开启了新的途径。

Methods Employing cholera toxin B-subunit combined horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing technique and cholera toxin B-subunit combined colloid goldretrograde tracing with calcitonin gene-related peptideimmunohistochemical double-labeled staining technique,the innervation of musculus sacrococcygeus ventralis medialisin rats was studied.

大鼠骶尾腹内侧肌又称荐尾腹侧中肌(musculus sacrococcygeus ventralis medialis)或屈尾短肌，是位于盆腔后壁、骶椎前方的一对梭形肌肉，属尾肌群，因其功能似乎仅为屈尾，故至今尚未引起人们的注意，而与该肌位置关系较密切的会阴肌因在某些运动神经元疾患时仍可保持其正常生理功能而一直受到神经工作者的关注，尤其是近年来有诸多文献报道了会阴肌的神经支配、相关神经元的细胞构筑、神经递质和神经调质的分布以及纤维联系特点［1～10］，藉以探讨运动神经元疾病的神经病理学。

Results In contrast with enzymatic dissociation, the method of mechanical dissociation, breaking up great neurospheres into small spheres with gradually reduced pipette, had advantages of raising cell viability and shortening cell doubling time (P.05). After NSCs being cultured long term in vitro, the number of neurons generated decreased with passaging, whereas the number of astrocytes increased.

体外长期培养条件下，随着培养时间的延长，NSCs分化为神经元的比例逐渐降低，星形胶质细胞的比例逐渐增高；在4~12代NSCs分化为神经元的能力表现出下降的趋势，但仍较为稳定；12代后，神经元的分化比例迅速下降，星形胶质细胞的比例迅速上升。

objective the aim of this study is to investigate the expression and the distribution of the nerve growth factor during the period of neural tube development of human embryo.method early development of neural tube was studied in human embryos about 35 gestational days by using immunocytochemical abc technique.result there were ngf immuno-positive substances in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zones of neural tube.in the intermediate zone of neural tube,ngf immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of some neurons,or the processes of other neurons which contained no ngf-immunoreactive substances in their nuclei;the expression pattern of ngf in the marginal zone of neural tube was similar to that of the intermediate zone.the density of ngf-immunorecative particles was higher on the rostrum side of neural tube than on the caudal side.the ngf immuno-positive cells were also observed among the somites of embryo under the neural tube.conclusion these results suggest that ngf was an important signal molecule to induce neural tube differentiation,and that ngf may play a significant role in regulation of the biological function of neurons in developing neural tube.

目的 研究捷安肽素的抗真菌作用机理。方法采用形态学方法和同位素标记法。显微形态观察经捷安肽素处理后的供试真菌的形态学变化。进一步采用14c同位素标记的特异底物&尿苷二磷酸-（14c）-葡萄糖&示踪，研究捷安肽素对真菌(1，3)-β-d-葡聚糖合成酶活性反应的影响。结果研究神经生长因子在早期人胚神经管发育过程中的定位表达。方法采用免疫细胞化学 abc法染色，研究35天人胚的发育情况。结果在人胚神经管的室管带中，神经元的细胞质和细胞核ngf免疫反应阳性；在中间带，一部分神经元的细胞核ngf免疫反应阳性，另外一部分神经元的细胞核ngf免疫反应阴性，而其突起ngf免疫反应阳性；在边缘带ngf的表达与中间带相似。在神经管的头侧ngf阳性反应较强，神经管的尾侧ngf阳性反应较弱。结论 ngf在人胚神经管免疫反应阳性，表明ngf可能是诱导神经管分化发育的重要信号分子，提示ngf可能在人胚神经管的发育中具有十分重要的作用。神经生长因子；人胚；神经管；发育

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。