神经元的

The following methods were used in the study, such as viral inoculation of animal, pathological method, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxy nucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labling . Morphological changes of the infected chickling, dynamic changes of T, B cells and T subsets, changes of adhesion molecules on the lymphocyte surface, necrosis and apoptosis of lymphocyte and neurons, changes of MIP-1β and IL-8 producing cells in the brain, cell types of perivascular tuffing in cerebral tissue were systematically studied.

在研究过程中，采用了病毒接种技术、普通病理学研究方法、流式细胞仪技术、RT-PCR技术、原位杂交技术、免疫组化技术、凋亡细胞末端标记技术，系统研究了不同日龄的SPF雏鸡人工感染AEV-NH937株后的病理变化，T和B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化规律，淋巴细胞表面某些粘附分子的变化，淋巴细胞和神经元的坏死与凋亡，雏鸡脑组织中产生趋化因子MIP-1β和IL-8细胞的变化规律，脑组织中围官性细胞浸润的细胞类型。

The following methods were used in the study, such as viral inoculation of animal, pathological method, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxy nucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labling. Morphological changes of the infected chickling, dynamic changes of T, B cells and T subsets, changes of adhesion molecules on the lymphocyte surface, necrosis and apoptosis of lymphocyte and neurons, changes of MIP-1β and IL-8 producing cells in the brain, cell types of perivascular tuffing in cerebral tissue were systematically studied. The key research results were.(1)The average percentage of CD19+cell in blood, bursa and spleen, after 3, 5 days of inoculation, was significantly Phybridization revealed that the number of IL-8 and MIP-1βproducing cells was increased in the infected brain.

在研究过程中，采用了病毒接种技术、普通病理学研究方法、流式细胞仪技术、RT-PCR技术、原位杂交技术、免疫组化技术、凋亡细胞末端标记技术，系统研究了不同日龄的SPF雏鸡人工感染AEV-NH937株后的病理变化，T和B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化规律，淋巴细胞表面某些粘附分子的变化，淋巴细胞和神经元的坏死与凋亡，雏鸡脑组织中产生趋化因子MIP-1β和IL-8细胞的变化规律，脑组织中围官性细胞浸润的细胞类型。

Our simulation results show that in some cases, the network model can generate the spindle waveform which is an electrographic mark for falling asleep. This results may enlighten us that it is possible to use the simulation results of these models to search for the further sleeping mechanism and the information processing about how the microscopical electric activities in billions of synaptically coupled neurons can be integrated to the macroscopical function states by synchronized oscillations in human brain.

这一网络模型的仿真结果，在一定条件下，确能在皮层细胞处出现符合睡眠分期中规定的标志入睡的纺锤波，这一初步结果，启示我们用模型仿真方法来进一步探讨睡眠机制和用模型仿真方法来进一步探讨人脑的微观神经元的电活动是如何通过同步振荡整合到宏观功能状态的某些信息处理过程的可能性。

The researching result of this field is conflicting in these years. Some researchers consider it as apoptosis, while some necropsy results don\'t support the hypothesis. Our study is to investigate the protein expression and biochemistry changes under oxidative stress to determine if apoptosis happens.

多巴胺能神经元的死亡是凋亡还是坏死目前的研究结果不一，有许多的研究说明在氧化应激的条件下，细胞的死亡是凋亡，而部分尸检结果不支持凋亡的学说，本实验拟从蛋白表达及生化学方面观察氧化应激后细胞有无凋亡的发生。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

Results The percentage of animals performing IT behavior, the numbers of body bends inside and outside the training temperature, and the expression patterns of AFD and AIY neurons were similar to those in control animals at 36 and 48 h after training; whereas when extending to 60, 72, and 84 h, locomotory behavior defects were observed in the assayed animals, suggesting that this thermal tracking model is feasible for analyzing LTM at 36 and 48 h after training.

结果 训练后36与48 h，线虫的IT 百分数、温度趋向性模型内外的头部摆动频率、以及AFD和AIY神经元的表达模式与对照组相似，而训练后60、72和84 h的线虫则表现出运动行为上的缺陷，表明温度趋向性模型适合于在训练36和48 h后的线虫中进行长时程记忆的考察。

When treats the density, these two kind of compound have suppressed in the cell culture neuron's sodium dependent action potential long-enduring high frequency redundant electric discharge, this kind of effect is possibly helpful in blocks epilepsy stove's epilepsy electricity activity dissemination.

在治疗时能够抑制细胞培养中的神经元的钠依赖性动作电位的持续性高频重复放电，这种效应可能有助于阻断癫痫灶的痫性电活动的传播。

Aim:(1) The purpose of this study is to examine whether protein tyrosine kinase and AMPA receptor in the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguus were involved in the regulation of normoxia and hypoxia respiratory response by microinjection of PTK inhibitor and non-NMDA receptor antagonist;(2) To observe the change of number of phosphotyrosine immunopositive neurons in NTS and NA before and after hypoxia using immunohistochemical methods and whether tyrosine phosphorylation and GluR1 in postsynaptic membrane co-localize in NTS and NA neurons.

目的：(1)观察向家兔脑干孤束核或疑核内微量注射酪氨酸蛋白激酶阻断剂和谷氨酸AMPA受体阻断剂对常氧呼吸和低氧呼吸反应的影响，探讨PTK和AMPA受体在低氧呼吸反应中的作用。(2)观察低氧通气后NTS和NA磷酸化酪氨酸免疫阳性神经元的数量变化；观察磷酸化酪氨酸和AMPA受体亚单位GluR1在突触后膜共存的情况，推测在低氧呼吸反应中AMPA受体和PTK信号转导途径的关系。

As information on the brain serotonin system in human MA users is fragmentary, our objective was to determine whether protein levels of serotonin transporter, a key marker of serotonin neurones, are decreased in brain of chronic MA users.

由于MA使用人群大脑5-羟色胺系统变化的相关信息较少，本研究的目的旨在明确长期使用MA者的脑组织中，5-羟色胺神经元的关键标志物——5-羟色胺转运体的蛋白水平是否降低。

Further analysis of ICL-expressing neurons with residual GABAR-mediated inputs showed that the capacity of benzodiazepine to enhance GABAergic synaptic responses was reduced in ICL-expressing neurons, indicating that they were likely depleted of gamma2 subunit-containing GABAR.

苯二氮卓受体阻断药对EGFP-ICL转染神经元的GABA能诱发电流的增强作用也受到抑制，说明EGFP-ICL的转染是特异性的阻断gamma2亚基的转运上膜。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。