神经元的

Furthermore, abnormal morphology, shrinkage and reduced density of dendritic spines and defects in LTP were observed in brains of the patients suffering from mental retardation and neurodegenerative diseases; many mutant genes found from these patients encode component proteins of signal transduction for neuronal plasticity. These studies on synaptic plasticity would certainly promote making the effective prevention and treatment procedures for mental and neurodegenerative diseases.

此外，在精神迟滞性疾病和神经退行性疾病患者脑内记录到异常的LTP，并发现神经元的树突棘数量减少，形态上产生畸变或萎缩，同时发现，产生突变的基因大多编码调节突触可塑性的信号通路蛋白，故突触可塑性研究也将促进精神和神经疾病的预防和治疗。

Reductionistic and eliminative materialistic approaches, for example the Multiple Drafts Model, hold that consciousness can be wholly explained by neuroscience through the workings of the brain and its neurons, thus adhering to biological naturalism.

Reductionistic和消除的唯物论的方法，例如多份草稿塑造，保持知觉可以用神经科学完全解释通过脑子和它的神经元的工作，因而遵守生物自然主义。

Confocal laser-scanning microscropy funther revealed that substantial number of 5-HT-immunopositive fibers and terminals distributed widely in the whole VNC, and some of 5-HT-immunopositive terminals were closely surroud the somata or dendrite of TMT/5-HT1AR double-labeling neurons and make close contact with them.

2激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下可进一步观察到大量的5-HT样阳性纤维和终末广泛地分布于VNC的各个核团内，且有部分5-HT样阳性终末紧紧地包绕在TMR/5-HT1AR双标神经元的胞体或树突的周围，并与之形成密切接触。

By combining the cre/loxP and Gal4/UAS systems under the control of brn3a-hsp70, the authors zeroed in on the somatic origin and final projection sites of individual tectal neurons.

通过在转录因子brn3a－热休克蛋白70的控制下结合cre/loxP系统（一种对转入基因进行组织特异性、定点操作的基因重组系统）和Gal4/UAS系统，作者在躯体的起点和个体顶盖神经元的最后投射区域调了一个零点。

By combining the cre/loxP and Gal4/UAS systems under the control of brn3a-hsp70, the authors zeroed in on the somatic origin and final projection sites of indiidual tectal neurons.

通过在转录因子brn3a－热休克蛋白70的控制下结合cre/loxP系统（一种对转入基因进行组织特异性、定点操作的基因重组系统）和Gal4/UAS系统，作者在躯体的起点和个体顶盖神经元的最后投射区域调了一个零点。

The ventral partition of medial geniculate body has been known as the special nucleus of relaying auditory information. In auditory processing, a primary function of thalamocortical relay neurons in MGBv is to encode sound signals as different sequences of action potential.

内侧膝状体腹侧部(ventral partition of medial geniculate body，MGBv)是特异的听觉中继核，在成年哺乳动物听觉处理过程中，位于MGBv的丘脑-皮层神经元的主要功能是以不同的动作电位顺序编码声音信号。

The following results have been observed.(1) When the membrane potentials of a neuron were depolarized or hyperpolarized stepwise from a resting potential via recording pipette to inject a DC current, the frequency and/or amplitude of mIPSCs increased or decreased respectively.

观察到以下结果：（1）当通过改变记录电极内的 DC电流，将神经元的膜电位从静息电位逐步（每步10mV的增量）去极化或超极化时，mIPSC的频率和/或振幅分别升高或降低。

Under current-clamp mode,'depolarizing sag'was observed in all neurons with Ih current.

激活时间常数τ与神经元的大小负相关，也就是说大细胞上的Ih电流的激活速率要比小细胞上的快。

In addition to mapping the connection pattern among the 100 billion-or-so neurons, the scan would probably also have to register some of the functional properties of each of the synaptic interconnections, such as the efficacy of the connection and how stable it is over time (e.g. whether it is short-term or long-term potentiated).

除了描绘1000亿左右个神经元的连接模型，扫描过程可能还必须得记录每一个突触互联的一些功能特性，如连接的效率和它稳定所需的时间（例如，连接是短期有效还是长期有效）。

Under stimulation of glutamic acid, [Ca2+]i in soma increased from 100 nM to 1 μM, and [Ca2+]i in spines increased from 50 nM to 300 nM. These results prove that monitoring calcium concentration in spine with Cameleon is feasible.

吹加谷氨酸来研究了神经元的胞体和树突棘的钙动力学，在100 μM 的谷氨酸的刺激下胞体内钙离子浓度从100 nM 上升到1 μM 左右，而树突棘内钙离子浓度从50 nM 上升达到500 nM。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。