神经元

Ultimately, vulnerable groups of neurons atrophy and die in a process that may involve excitotoxicity (overstimulation of neurotransmitter receptors on neuronal surface membranes), collapse of calcium homeostasis, inflammation, and depletion of energy and growth factors. A form of apolipoprotein E, apoE4, contributes to the abnormal accumulation of A and tau, but probably also damages mitochondria and the cellular cytoskeleton. A , tau, apoE and -synuclein interact with many other molecules and modulate diverse signalling cascades that regulate neuronal activity and survival.

最后，易感神经元会萎缩直至死亡，原因可能有兴奋性中毒（神经递质对神经元表面受体的过度刺激引起），钙稳态失衡，炎症反应，能量和生长因子的耗尽。apoE4的产生可导致A肽和tau蛋白的异常聚合，可能也损害线粒体和细胞骨架。A肽、tau蛋白、apoE和突触核蛋白可与很多分子反应，也可调节不同信号级联反应，这些级联反应对于维持神经元活动性和生存性意义重大。

NgR has emerged as a focal point of convergence for mediating growth-inhibitory activities.

NgR是中枢神经元细胞膜上的一种蛋白，该蛋白和p75NTR及LINGO-1这两种中枢神经元细胞膜蛋白组成复合受体，介导了中枢神经系统髓磷脂中MAG、OMgp、Nogo对中枢神经元轴突生长的抑制作用，从而造成了成年哺乳动物中枢神经损伤后再生困难。

So EA therapy could decrease the loss of neurons by restraining apoptosis and putrescence of brain neurons, accelerate the functional recover of damaging neurons and improve studying and memory ability.

电针治疗可以通过抑制神经元细胞凋亡和坏死两个途径减少皮质和海马神经元的丢失，促进受损神经元功能的恢复，改善VD模型大鼠的学习记忆障碍。

Their shapes were diversiform such as triangle spherical, nummular, elliptic and fusiform etc.They had one or several tuber.The immunopositive fibers were strings of pearls,and crossed each other. This experimentation results showed that development level of nNOS immunopositive neurons approach the adult rabbit when it is a young rabbit. The effete change appears when rabbits turn ageing.That was expression intensity weaken.

nNOS阳性神经元呈棕褐色，着色主要位于胞浆内，细胞核处染色较为浅淡；神经元胞体形态多种多样，有三角形、圆形、椭圆行、梭形等多种形状，神经元突起有一个或者数个；nNOS阳性纤维大多呈棕色串珠样，有些区域nNOS阳性纤维交错分布，相互交织成网状。

Compared with quinine stimulability, discharges of vagus efferent never in both CTA rats and control rats had no difference when sucrose stimulability was was given. 5 When the same sucrose stimulability was given, FLI neurons of SON and DMV in the CTA rats had much more expressions than that in the control rats.

5给予蔗糖刺激后，CTA组大鼠在SON和DMV内FLI神经元的表达较多，且表达远高于正常组大鼠；而且味觉厌恶建立后，蔗糖刺激和水刺激引起的SON核和DMV内FLI神经元的表达也有差异，蔗糖刺激引起的FLI神经元的表达要高于后者。

It is suggested that there are some Glu sensitive neurons in sublayer Ⅱaf of pigeon optic tectum,the most of which show excitation to exogeous Glu.These data observed in slices provide a strong evidence that Glu may act as a neurotransmitter involving in the activity of the sublayer Ⅱaf neurons in pigeon optic tectum.

以上结果提示，家鸽顶盖Ⅱaf亚层内存在Glu敏感神经元，外源性的Glu对这些神经元有兴奋作用，Glu可能作为神经递质参与了家鸽顶盖Ⅱaf亚层神经元的活动。

Finally, several MTNCs were designed for implementing the XOR operation and Literal, AND, OR operation in ternary logic at switch level. The result of simulation with PSPICE showed that the designed circuits had not only the correct logic function and small propagation delay but also had simple structure. Whats more, when achieving the same logic function, the MTNCs decreased large amount of hardware expense compared with the STN circuits.

对设计出的电路进行PSPICE模拟并测量相关参数，结果表明，该设计方法不但简便、规范，而且设计出的多阈值神经元电路具有速度快，结构简单的优点，并且，在实现相同逻辑功能时，采用多阈值神经元电路相对于单阈值神经元电路，大幅降低了硬件成本。

The properties and expression of knowledge are discussed in brief and binary and multiple truth expression and inference of knowledge are studied focally. The neural networks which can realized the three valued logic are overviewed. The new idea of uncertain inference based on three valued logic is proposed for the first time The models of neural logic, which can realize three valued logic and uncertain three valued logic inference are proposed, too. The learning algorithm of coefficient of MVL's function based on the canonical realization of MVL network is investigated for the first time and the appropriate algorithm is proposed.

4简要地论述了知识的特征及其表现形式，重点研究了知识的真值二值和多值表示法以及基于知识真值表示法的逻辑推理；通过对目前可实现三值逻辑推理的逻辑神经元及其网络的简要回顾，指出了各自的局限性，首次提出了基于三值逻辑的不定性推理的新概念以及可实现三值逻辑和三值逻辑不定性推理的逻辑神经元模型，同时对基于这种逻辑神经元模型的推理系统的应用领域进行了探索性尝试；另外，首次对基于多值逻辑网络正规实现的多值逻辑函数的系数参数的学习算法进行了研究，并提出了相应的学习算法。

The computational power of the quantum neuron is explored. Numerical and graphical results show that this single quantum neuron can perform XOR function unrealizable with a classical neuron and has the same computational power as the two-layer NN, it can be used to realize nonlinear mapping.

应用量子计算方法分析了该量子神经元模型的量子逻辑运算功能，分析和实验证明单个量子神经元能实现经典神经元无法实现的XOR函数，并具有与两层前向神经网络相当的非线性映射能力。

Objective: To study the effect of "Yiqitiaoxue, fubenpeiyuan" Acup Therapy on selective neuron lost of Senile Accelerated Mouse P8, a model of AD, treated with acupuncture. Observe the number and sharp of neuron in the hippocampus and the cortex of temporal lobe, activation and accrementition of horizontal cell, as well as the expression of apoptosis relative protein. Discusse the possible mechanism of acupuncture in neuroprotective effect.

目的：以快速老化模型小白鼠SAMP8为阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer&s disease， AD，老年性痴呆)动物模型，通过观察针刺对该小鼠海马和颞叶皮质神经元数量以及神经元形态、星形胶质细胞的活化增生、凋亡相关蛋白的表达的影响，研究&益气调血，扶本培元针法对AD选择性神经元丢失的干预作用及其机制，为针刺治疗AD提供神经病理学实验依据。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。