神经元

The results are as follows:(1) immunoreactive neurons of NPY in medulla oblongata of Taihe silky fowl, New jianghan domestic chicken are mainly localized in the inferior olivary nucleus.

结果如下：(1)在泰和乌鸡和江汉鸡的延髓中，NPY阳性神经元主要存在于下橄榄核，网状核及中缝核也少量出现；(2)在泰和乌鸡和肉鸽的小脑中，NPY阳性神经元主要存在于小脑皮质的蒲肯野氏细胞层，且以小叶顶端的蒲肯野氏细胞阳性明显，而小脑皮质的分子层、颗粒层未见阳性反应细胞；(3)泰和乌鸡延髓的网状细胞核非常发达；泰和乌鸡小脑皮质分3层，由外至内依次为分子层、蒲肯野氏细胞层和颗粒层；小脑分10叶，Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅹ为单叶，其余各叶都分为2～3个小叶；(4)非洲鸵鸟迷走神经运动背核和疑核特别发达，孤束核吻侧部不发达。

Neuronal activity in orbitofrontal cortex represents the value of the expected reward, whereas neuronal activity in premotor cortex reflects the degree of motivation.

眶额皮质区的神经元活动代表了期望奖赏的价值而运动前皮质的神经元活动反映了动机的程度。

After injection of FG into the NTS, FG retrogradely labeled neurons were present bilaterally with a strong ipsilateral predominance in the hypothalamic regions, such as medial and lateral parvicellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus, posterior

将FG注入孤束核后，在下丘脑室旁核小细胞部、穹窿周区、下丘脑后区及弓状核等核团内都观察到数量较多的FG逆行标记神经元；EM1和EM2阳性神经元的胞体主要位于下丘脑背内侧核、腹内侧核

⑴There are NOS/ER positive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, periventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area.⑵The double-labeled neurons were mostly distributed in the medial dorsal and lateral dorsal of supraoptic nucleus and in the medial parvicellular, ventral zone. They were extensive slightly,but scattered in lateral hypothalamic area, sporadic in the periventricular nucleus.

1在大鼠下丘脑视上核、室旁核、下丘脑外侧区及室周核均有NOS与ER双染神经元分布。2 NOS与ER双染神经元主要集中分布在视上核的背内侧和背外侧部及室旁核小细胞部腹内侧区，在下丘脑外侧区分布较广但比较分散，室周核呈散在分布。

The brain of migraine sufferers is therefore able to link an attack with precipitating stimuli such as tobacco, Julio Pascual concludes.

当前认为偏头痛患者存在控制头痛的神经元过度兴奋的状态，偏头痛患者神经元细胞膜上天生有特殊的离子通道，导致渗透性和易兴奋性高，烟草之类的触发因素会让偏头痛患者更易头痛。Julio Pascual总结道

Focal ischemia induced by photochemically thrombotic distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model to adult rats results in necrosis at the infarct core and activation of complex signal pathways for cell death and cell survival in the penumbra. The effects of ghrelin on regional cerebral blood flow in penumbra areas used by a laser Doppler Flowmeter.

本实验室前期工作初步证明ghrelin可保护谷氨酸及脂多糖诱导的原代培养大鼠脑皮质神经元的损伤，也能减少线栓大脑中动脉引起的脑梗塞体积，说明ghrelin对脑缺血引起的神经元损伤具有一定的神经保护作用，有可能成为一个内源性神经保护多肽，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义，值得深入研究。

Objectives In order to investigate how does King's Brain pill work or mechanism of King's Brain pill effective in treating AD clinically, we observed effects of extract of King's Brain on neuronal and vascular lesions induced by Aβ combining with praxiology and neuropathology.

目的 运用现代分子神经病理学和行为学技术，围绕炎症假说、淀粉样蛋白瀑布流假说，以神经元和脑血管为保护目标，着眼于AD的关键病理机制Aβ（β淀粉样蛋白沉积和淀粉样血管病变）及其代谢，开展中药补肾活血化痰复方制剂金思维对损伤的神经元和血管的保护作用机理研究，从而探讨其防治老年性痴呆的机理。

RESULTS:(1)Electrical stimulation of ventral septal area caused a significant increase in firing rate of warm-sensitive neurons in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus.

目的和方法：采用玻璃微电极细胞外引导单位神经元放电的方法，观察电刺激兔腹中隔区时，视前区-下丘脑前部温度敏感神经元放电频率的变化。

It is considered that some prefrontal neurons might be related to processing of the visual information, others to the reaction of pressing the key and even to some psychophysiological activities after the animal had made a correct choice of the behaviour to be rewarded.

以上结果提示，猕猴前额叶神经元很大程度上参与颜色延缓分辨活动，它们各自起着不同的作用。有些神经元可能与视觉信息的加工有关，有些与按键反应有关，有的则可能与作出正确按键反应并获得奖励时的心理生理活动有关。

The ventrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus is mainly composed of pudendal motor neurons innervating the external urethral sphincter muscle.

D 区是紧邻 Barrington's 核腹侧的一团神经元，它发出纤维投射至腰骶髓 Ounf 核的背外侧群，而 Ounf 核的背外侧群主要是由支配尿道外括约肌的阴部神经运动神经元组成。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。