神经元

These results suggest that the activate spleen-energy method can achieve appetitive purpose by not only affecting the gastrointestinal tract function in periphery, but also regulating the process of ingestion in brain. The basic research about ingestion indicate: one hand, after food enters the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine cell of the intestinal tract is activated and secrete many kinds of brains intestines peptide, the level of the brain intestines peptide in blood as the periphery signal spreads to the central nervous system regions that control digest and feeding behavior. On the other hand, it has been shown that dorsal parabranchial neurons, containing CCK-8S, extend fibers to the VMH and are involved in the inhibition of feeding .

关于摄食控制的基础研究表明，一方面食物进入胃肠道后，激活肠道的内分泌细胞，分泌多种脑肠肽如CCK-8S，这些脑肠肽在血中的水平作为外周信号可通过"肠—脑轴"传入中枢神经系统介导消化和摄食行为的部位，影响摄食中枢神经元的活动调节动物的摄食行为；另一方面中枢神经元可合成释放内源性的神经肽直接作用于摄食中枢神经元调节摄食，如中枢鳃旁体神经元的神经纤维就可延伸到达VMH，并且合成释放内源性的CCK-8S。

4DRG was co-culture with sciatic nerve segment in 10鸖 DMEM;the axons were longer and surround the sciatic nerve segment which was regard as anew evidence for chemotropism.

结果：(1)在无血清条件下单独培养的DRG，背根神经节的轴突数目众多，外形纤细弯曲，不成束，并且施万细胞和成纤维细胞稀少，所以可以排除两者对轴突生长的影响，为观察来源于变性坐骨神经段的可溶性因子对轴突生长的作用提供了有利条件；(2)在无血清条件下DRG和变性坐骨神经段联合培养，①先单独培养DRG，4天后待神经元轴突长出，再与坐骨神经段联合培养，观察到神经元的轴突数目减少，外形挺直，部分轴突之间相互粘附成束；②变性坐骨神经段和DRG同时联合培养，神经元的轴突数目明显减少，外形粗壮，轴突之间相互粘附成束；(3)有血清条件下单独培养DRG，轴突数目较多，外形挺直，长短不一，部分神经元的轴突之间相互粘附，施万细胞和成纤维细胞数目众多，观察到的轴突生长情况受到施万细胞和成纤维细胞的直接或者间接的影响。

Results: It was observed that projections from IN to hypothalamus passed through the superior cerebellar peduncle, crossed in its decussation and then many of them entered posterior hypothalamic area by iontophoresis of Dextran-Texas Red to cerebellar IN. Using the methods of iontophoresis of Fluoro-Ruby and double labelling staining, it was also observed that the neurons projecting to PH in cerebellar IN were glutamatergic neurons.

结果：小脑间位核电泳Dextran-TR后示踪可见间位核神经元发出离核纤维，行走于同侧小脑上脚中，在小脑上脚交叉处交叉到对侧，然后继续走行于小脑上脚中，到下丘脑后较多纤维终止于下丘脑后区；在下丘脑后区电泳Fluoro-Ruby后可逆行追踪到小脑间位核神经元，荧光双标法显示投射到下丘脑后区的小脑间位核神经元中有谷氨酸能神经元。

Results In blank group, the hippocampal structure was clearly viewed, dense neurons with plenty cytoplasm and deep-dyed big nucleolus were observed. Neurons were lining up in order with clear border in CA3 region In model group, hippocampal structure was blurred. The number of neurons decreased greatly, and cells were lining up; rregularly with unclear border. In drug group, the hippocampal structure was clear with more neurons than model group. Neurons had plenty cytoplasm and deep-dyed big nucleolus. Cells were lining up in order with clear border.

结果 空白对照组：海马轮廓清晰，CA3区神经元细胞密集，胞浆丰富，核大深染，细胞间排列整齐，界限清楚；模型对照组：海马轮廓模糊，神经元细胞明显减少，细胞间排列松散，界限不清；药物组：海马轮廓清晰，神经元细胞明显多于模型对照组，神经元胞浆较丰富，核大深染，细胞间排列较整齐，界限清楚。

ELBE can protect the motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord through resisting the change of AchE and ACP.?

结论ELBE能通过缓冲神经损伤后神经元内酶学的变化，起到保护神经元的作用，从而减轻神经元损伤的程度，减少神经元死亡的数量，有利于神经再生。

After spinal nerve injury, somas of the primary sensory neurons in segmental DRG show hyperexcitability, characterized with spontaneous firing .

由于HCN2、3、4在所有DRG神经元上都有表达，而小神经元上没有HCN1表达，因此在大、中神经元上HCN的四种亚型都有表达，其中以HCN1为主；在小神经元上只表达三种HCN亚型。

Some structure occur lately, and the neurons emerge earlier, such as the hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous and reticular formation.

延髓灰质结构形成和神经元发育分化的规律：有些结构发生早，而神经元分化较晚，如下橄榄核、三叉神经脊束核和孤束核；有些结构发生略晚，但其中的神经元胞体分化和发育则较早，如舌下神经核、疑核及延髓的网状结构；有些结构发生早，神经元发育也早，如迷走神经背核。

Neurotrophin-3/neurotrophic factor 3 is the important member of neurotrophin family, which can prevent embryonic and postnatal motoneuron death, maintain neuron survival, promote reparation and regeneration after nervous injury, and regulate synapse activity of neuron.

神经元营养因子-3 （neurotrophin-3， NT-3），是神经营养因子家族的重要成员，具有阻止胚胎期及出生后运动神经元细胞死亡，维持神经元的存活及促进神经损伤后的修复与再生，并参与调节神经元突触活动的作用。

The increase of ganglion volume mainly lied in growth of neurons and increasing of nerve fibers and neuroglia cells, but not lied in marked increase of neurons in number.

山羊胎儿脊神经节于胚胎第6周就已形成，但此时节内神经元形态不清晰，至第8周，节内神经元形态逐渐清晰，节内神经纤维数量少；随着胚胎发育，节内神经元数量并不显著增加，而是节细胞之间神经纤维及胶质细胞的增多和神经元个体的增长，从而使神经节的体积逐渐增大。

Three results are received:(1) The population of neurons can synchronize when the strength of gap junction is large enough and the process is chaotic and complex;(2) The nonlinear and complexity of the seriously disorder oscillation are larger than that of slightly disorder oscillation in a 2-D network;(3) The nonlinear and complexity of the oscillations with strong strength of gap junction are larger than that of that with weak strength of gap junction.

结果表明：电突触达到一定强度时神经元群才能同步振荡，这种活动是混沌和复杂的；同一网络中异常节律较严重的神经元活动的非线性和复杂性要强于异常节律较轻微的神经元；突触耦合强度较强时的神经元活动的非线性和复杂性要强于其在突触耦合强度较弱时的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。