神经元

In the brain of adult rat, the positive immunohistochemical product of lSL-l (ISL-l-positive) was mainly located in the neuronal nucleus and found in discrete regions except to brain cortex, such as the Purkinje cell layer and the granular cell layer of cerebellum, the granular cell layer and the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus, the mitral cell layer, the internal and external plexiform layer, the granular cell layer and the granular cell layer of olfactory bulb and so on, and several nuclei of the hypothalamus, midbrain and pons, such as claustrum, anterior olfactory nucleus, accumbens nucleus, caudate-ptamen, pallidum, substantia nigra, striatum, islands of Callaje, mammillary nucleus, anterior pretactal nucleus, habenular nucleus, amygdaloid nucleus, cuneate nucleus, rubral nucleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus and so on.

在正常成年大鼠脑中，同源框基因islet-1表达产物（ISL-1）免疫组织化学阳性物质广泛分布于除大脑皮层外的神经细胞的细胞核内，ISL-1阳性神经元密集分布于小脑Purkinje细胞层和颗粒细胞层、海马的颗粒细胞层和锥体细胞层、嗅球的内丛层、外丛层、颗粒细胞层及僧帽细胞层等，另外在丘脑、中脑和桥脑的一些重要神经元核团均有分布，如，屏状核、前嗅核、伏核、尾壳核、苍白球、黑质、纹状体、Calleja岛、乳头体核、前顶盖前核、缰核、杏仁核、楔束核、红核网状巨细胞核等。

Nerve repair at the level of spinal cord appeared as a new but challenging technique. The better understanding of regeneration from neurons and further refinement of instruments may push the brachial plexus surgery to a new level. Sensory and motor differentiated nerve coaptation plays an important role in the free neurovascular muscle transplantation due to the significance of motor axons for the flap reinnervation.

脊髓水平的神经修复是一个新而具有挑战性的技术，对神经元再生的深入理解（包括神经元误向生长与存活问题）与实验手段的完善（包括基因调控的成纤维细胞和雪旺细胞种植等），将使臂丛外科进入一个新的水平。

Results CCK possesses the ability to suppress the convulsant effects of convulsants. CCK8 is able to reduce the neural damage caused and delay the neural aging. CCK antagonists play an important role in human pain transduction.

结果 CCK作为神经递质能够拮抗致痫剂的致痫作用；CCK8还能够对抗神经元的手术和化学损伤以及延缓神经元老化；CCK在痛觉传导过程中起到了重要的整合作用。

Two hours later, the convulsant mice were anesthetized deeply and fixed by transcardiac perfusion for Immunohistochemistry to detect c-Fos expression.③ Comparison of neurotoxicity induced by CD50 of three agents.

将发生惊厥的小鼠妥善标记，2 h后制作冰冻冠状切片，检测神经元核蛋白c-Fos的表达，镜下计算不同区域表达c-Fos的棕黄色颗粒数目，每个颗粒代表1个神经元。

A small portion of BrdU and NeuN double labeled cells could be detected in the cortex at the early stage of development, and in the striatum and CA of the hippocampus in all groups. The majority of BrdU labeled cells were neuroglia, and the number of neuroglia cells decreased dramatically with brain maturation. Neurogenesis is the major cytogenesis in the dentate gyrus.

皮层在发育早期以及纹状体和海马CA区在发育各期检测到极少数为新生神经元细胞，多数分化为胶质细胞；海马齿状回以神经元细胞再生为主；胶质细胞的再生随脑组织发育的成熟而逐渐减少。

The hypoxic models mimic 8000 m high level were established in a high-altitude decompression chamber. Injecting the tracer of CB into the rat's lateral ventricles, we investigated the distribution of the distal CSF-CNs in the DR. The single and double immunohistochemistry staining with antibodies to Fos and CB were used to observe the expression of Fos in the distal CSF-CNs in the DR.

应用低压氧舱仿海拔8000米高空缺氧模型，采用侧脑室注射CB标记中缝背核内的远位触液神经元，并用Fos免疫组化和CB/Fos免疫组化双重染色方法显示Fos在中缝背核远位触液神经元内的表达情况。

By expressing ChR2 in neurons and illuminating the cells with light, researchers can now depolarize neurons at will and precisely control the spiking behavior that underlies neuronal signaling.

通过在神经元内表达"ChR2"并用光线"照亮"细胞，现在的研究人员们能够随意让神经元去极化，并精确控制该构成神经信号基础的示踪行为。

They express widely inperipheral and central nerve system and participate in many important physiological andpathological processes,such as learning and memroy,synaptic plasticity,cerebral ischemiaand pain.Activation of ASICs by protons can depolarize the neurons and generate action potentials.

它广泛分布于中枢及外周神经系统的神经元，参与了很多重要的生理过程和病理反应，与学习记忆、突触可塑性、脑缺血、疼痛等关系密切。H~+激活ASICs可使神经元去极化，产生动作电位，参与了组织酸化如缺血、炎症、肿瘤、癫痫等时痛觉的感受。

SP can affect the function of DRG neurons by activing the non-selective cation channels combining with its selective NK1 receptor. ATP depolarize DRG neurons and make some sodium channels closed so that the amplitude of action potentials and Vmax decreased which result in decreaced releasing of neurotrasmitters from DRG neurons, the way is same like GABA-induced presynaptic inhibition by activing the non-selective cation channels possibly combining with P2X2/3-receptor.

SP可能通过开放非选择性阳离子通道从而影响DRG神经元膜的兴奋性；ATP通过与P2X2/3-R结合开放非选择性阳离子通道，使得A类神经元膜预先去极化，引起膜钠通道部分关闭，动作电位幅值降低，斜率Vmax减小，使神经末梢递质释放减少，其作用与GABA介导的突触前抑制类似。

Proceed from the principle of neural networks, the mechanism of mapping between input and output of neural networks was analyzed, and the BP algorithm for training the thresholds of neurons was derived. Based on the study to the distinguishability of input of networks, the effect of neural networks to distinguish-ability of characteristics was studied, and the optimizations of the structure of networks, learning rate, impulse factor, thresholds of neurons and initial weight of networks were completed. Through the experiments under fixed cutting regime and alternative cutting regime, the methods based on neural networks for tool wear monitoring were studied.

本文从神经网络的基本原理出发，研究了神经网络输入输出的映射机理，探讨了神经网络处理方法具有自适应性的原因；推导了神经元阈值学习BP算法；在研究网络输入特征可分性准则和特征敏感性准则的基础上，探讨了神经网络对特征可分性的作用；完成对网络结构参数、网络学习率和冲量因子、神经元阈值以及网络初始权值等参数的优化；并在固定切削用量和变切削用量条件下，对基于神经网络的刀具磨损检测方法进行了实验研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。