神经下的

Ultimately, vulnerable groups of neurons atrophy and die in a process that may involve excitotoxicity (overstimulation of neurotransmitter receptors on neuronal surface membranes), collapse of calcium homeostasis, inflammation, and depletion of energy and growth factors.

最终在兴奋性毒性（过度刺激神经元上的递质受体）、钙紊乱、炎症、能量和生长因子缺乏作用下，敏感的神经元发生萎缩、死亡。apoE4与Aβ和tau的异常聚集有关，还可能损伤线粒体和其他细胞骨架。Aβ、tau、apoE和synuclein与其他分子相互作用，影响多种神经活动和存活的信号转导途径。

The best surgical strategy should be determined by the type of subaxial cervical injury, the patient's general health, the local pathological anatomy and neurological function of injured vertebral segments.

应根据下颈椎损伤的类型并具体结合患者的全身情况和损伤节段的局部病理解剖及神经学状况来综合考虑最佳的手术策略。

Results The choroid plexus, hypophysis, area postrema and pineal body, namely, circumventricular organs and ependyma as well as pia mater layers were stained by the HRP reaction products.The HRP reaction products were observed in the tissue space of membrane mucosa nasi, around the fila olfactoria and venules, and within the venules under the light microscopy and electron microscopy, also. Scintillation count showed that the radioactivity of the CVOs was higher than that of the background. The radioautography showed that the scattered grains of silver existed within the cells of neurocyte layer also.

结果 在脑室周围器官及脑室周围室管膜、软脑膜层有HRP反应产物的聚集，在鼻中隔的鼻粘膜下组织间隙、嗅丝周围间隙及静脉周围和管腔内也可见到HRP反应产物；液闪计数显示，大白鼠的脉络丛、脑垂体、最后区、松果体等脑室周围器官放射性活度明显高于本底；放射自显影显示大白鼠脑组织神经层细胞内有散在分布的银颗粒。

CONCLIUSION: Human myoblast could be induced to neuron-like cells treated with ciliary neurotrophic factor and Salvia miltiorrhiza injection. The p44/p42 kinase participates in redifferentiation of myoblasts by phosphorylation.

经睫状神经因子预诱导后逐渐去分化的成肌细胞，在丹参注射液的诱导下能够成功分化为表达神经元特异蛋白标记物的神经元样细胞，p44/p42激酶通过磷酸化参与了成肌细胞的再分化过程。

A sudden change in sensorium is the most common symptom and ranges from disorientation to coma .

空气栓塞症的诊断主要是要详细的询问异常气压工作人员的工作深度及压力下停留时间和神经学检查的发现。

C. The three grades control scheme of grading and time-share, the PID control method and the natural network PID control method are adopted to implement the accuracy temperature control.

C。采用分级、分时的三级控制方案，采用PID控制算法和神经网络PID控制算法，实现了方位保持系统的精密温度控制，在保证方位保持系统的保持精度的前提下使得系统的准备时间大大降低。

Ception can enter the dorsal-most laminae I and II but not grow further ventrally. As for the waiting period and the correct projection of the NT- 3 (neurotrophin-3)sensitive Ia neurons and other neurons, it is possible that other guidance cues might make more contribution.

至于腹侧投射性的神经营养因子习（neurotrophin3，NT3）敏感性肌梭h类神经元和其它神经元轴突的等待期和定向投射，则更有可能是在其它类型的导向因子的共同参与下进行的［81

In one laboratory, which investigates reticulospinal neurons, I learned how to use a high-speed camera to record the behaviors of larval zebra fish that had specific nerve cells ablated.

在一个研究网状脊髓神经的实验室里，我学会了如何使用一部高频率的照相机来记录下一些被切除了神经细胞的斑马鱼幼体的行为动作。

The threshold of VEMP was used to determine pressure or sound sensitive vertigo; the abnormal inter-aural latency was seen mainly in the cerebellopontine angle occupying disorders; the anormal amplitude and latency had no specificity and appeared in disorders involved the pathway of inferior vestibular nerve.

VEMP的阈值检查主要用于压力或声音敏感性眩晕；耳间潜伏期的异常主要见于桥-小脑角占位病变；振幅和潜伏期的异常一般没有特异性，可见于累及前庭下神经的病变。

Methods In 18 adult upper extremity cadavers,origins,courses, branches,distribution and the anastomosis of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve,basilic vein and their nutrient vessels were studied under the operating microscope.5 fresh adult cadavers,photographic developer were injected in the artery.

方法上肢标本18侧，显微剥离表皮组织，观察前臂内侧皮神经、贵要静脉及各自营养血管的起始、走行、分支、分布及与其它血管的吻合情况；新鲜整尸标本5具，动脉灌注显影剂，剥离体被组织于X光下摄影，分析皮动脉的分布及其与毗邻血管的关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。