神经

Neural stem cells have a strong self-renew mechanism and it can transform after a little break. Neural stem cells have a long term survival, which mean that it has more probability of wrong copy than mature cells. These cells are formed glioma stem cells in the end. The genes who adjust neural stem cells can express in glioma stem cells, which hold out glioma stem cells from neural stem cells. There is another presume that glioma stem cells come from differentiated cells. Through the gene break of these cells, they can obtain characteristics of stem cells, then form glioma stem cells.

神经干细胞具有很强的自我更新机制，获得较少突变即有可能恶性转化，而且干细胞存活时间较长，这意味着干细胞比成熟细胞发生细胞复制的错误几率更大，因外界环境的刺激而发生突变的机会更多，最终形成脑胶质瘤干细胞，同时调节神经干细胞增殖和自我更新的基因在脑胶质瘤的脑胶质瘤干细胞中也表达，这也是支持神经干细胞是脑胶质瘤干细胞来源的；也有推测认为它可能起源于已分化的细胞，由这些细胞突变发生去分化得来，并通过基因突变而获得了干细胞自我更新的特性，从而形成脑胶质瘤干细胞。

Methods Twenty eight pure New Zealand rabbits were used, of which four were for nerve localization and the rest were randomized into untreatment group and ultrashort wave groups, after the establishment of the nerve root compression models by inserting a silastic tube into the intervertebral canal to compress the sixth and seventh left lumbar nerve roots.

方法纯种新西兰成年兔28只，4只作神经定位解剖，其余24只全部做手术造成腰神经慢性压迫，随机分成2组，未处理组和超短波组，每组又分10 d组、30 d组和180 d组。压迫模型：将硅胶管从椎间外孔缓慢塞入椎间管内，压迫腰6和腰7左侧神经根直到实验兔被处死，右侧为自身对照侧。

In Chapter 2, the learning algorithm of the single-layer perceptron and its limitation are considered firstly.

前馈结构的神经网络是最重要的神经网络模型之一，本文系统地研究了前馈结构神经网络的能力，包括多层感知机和径向基函数网络两部份。

The distances between inferior margin of 12th rib and the 3 above-mentioned nerves were all measured. Results: The superior lumbar triangle was quadrilateral (55%), triangular (35%) or irregular (5%). If the 12th rib was too short, the upper border of the triangle would be the 11th rib (5%). Four grouping patterns of the 3 nerves were found in front of the triangle, and the average distance between inferior margin of 12th rib and the 3 nerves was (16.92±6.32)mm,(59.49±14.97)mm and (112.49±17.15)mm, respectively.

结果：腰上三角的形态可为四边形(55%)、三角形(35%)和不规则形(10%)，该三角的上界可完全由第11肋(5%)构成；肋下神经、髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神在腰上三角前方有4种不同的组合形式，三神经与第12肋下缘的平均距离分别为(16.92±6.32)mm、(59.49±14.97)mm、(112.49±17.15)mm。

Results:The anterior bundle of the UCL starts from anterior inferior part of the medial condyle,and ends on the sublimis tubercle in front of the coronoid process of ulna,locating in the deep layer of the flexor carpal ulnar muscle.The distance between ulnar nerve and UCL is (0.9±0.1)cm in the center of cubital tunnel,and (0.6±0.3)cm in the distal foramen of cubital tunnel.The distance from the point of ulnar nerve entering the flexor carpi ulnar muscle to the medial epicondyle is (3.7±0.8)cm.The distance between the closest branch innervated flexor muscle of the median nerve and the approach is (1.6±0.5)cm at the level of medial epicondyle,and (0.9±0.4)cm at the level of ulnar tubercle.

结果：UCL前束起于肱骨内侧髁的前下方，止于尺骨冠突内侧的小结节，UCL前束位于尺侧腕屈肌肱头、尺头之间的深层；尺神经在肘管中部与尺侧副韧带前束的平均距离为(0.9±0.1)cm，在肘管的远侧出口，距尺侧副韧带的尺骨止点(0.6±0.3)cm；尺神经至尺侧腕屈肌尺头肌支的入肌点距肱骨内侧髁的距离为(3.7±0.8)cm；正中神经最靠近切口的分支距切口的距离，在肱骨内侧髁和尺骨结节水平分别为(1.6±0.5)cm和(0.9±0.4)cm。

Input-layer contains seven nerve cells (sailor average maritime experience、average shipping years、average standard wind days、average river velocity 、visibility、water depth and traffic density) and output-layer contains four nerve cells (great accident、large accident、common accident and small accident).The test that use the data of historical occurrence level of maritime accidents in ChongQing water area is done, the result shows the feasibility of the predictive model.

最后本文用VC++制作界面，基于MATLAB的神经网络工具箱建立了水上交通事故的BP神经网络预测系统，采取三层BP神经网络，输入层有7个输入神经元(船员平均水上资历、平均船龄、平均标准风天数、水域平均流速、能见度、水深和交通密度)，输出层有4个神经元(重大事故、大事故、一般事故和小事故)，并通过对长江干线重庆水域的预测来检验模型的效果。

It has been pointed out that declassification can be realized by reconstructing phase space. The method presented in this paper constructs the chaotic systems using neural networks.

本文将神经网络观测器与混吨同步控制问题结合起来，在假定混饨系统能够分解为线性部分和非线性部分的前提下，利用神经网络逼近混饨系统的非线性部分，设计出了一种利用pF神经网络的状态观测器，可以完成混饨系统的同步控制。

The courses of facial nerve are rather complicated; it passes many anatomic structures such as middle ear, internal acoustic canal and mastoid portions. It is unlikely to show the whole course based on conventional transverse and coronal sections of CT. The present study used curved planar reformation to reconstruct the whole facial nerve course and surrounding anatomic structures in an imaging plane for check-up and screening of the facial nerve pathology.

因此本研究就是要利用曲线平面重组的模式，将整体颜面神经串连起来并把周遭的解剖位置表现於同一影像平面上，如此就能清楚分辨肿瘤的出处与侵犯之范围，好初步筛检颜面神经的病变，让有病变之病患可以做进一步的检查，此种将颜面神经於同一影像完整呈现的技术，也是目前磁振造影检查无法造影出的技术。

Results: Scans of 3D-FIESTA sequence combined with post-procession could precisely show labyrinth, nerves and vessels in inner ear and internal auditory canal, as well as the relationship between nerves and vessels around. As to the ability to evaluate nerves in IAC, MPR and VE was superior to MIP; As to the ability to display semicircularesin and cochlea, MIP was the same as double oblique MPR; It was important for VE and oblique sagittal MPR to display the position of foramina nervosa of IAC.

结果：3D-FIESTA序列扫描结合MPR、MIP和VE重组对内耳迷路及内听道内神经及血管显示清晰，能够清晰显示两者之间的关系，MPR和VE重组对神经的显示优于MIP重组，MIP对半规管显示与双斜面MPR并无明显差别，VE和斜矢状面对于内听道内各神经孔的位置关系具有重要意义。

This experiment selects material E14d SD the big mouse SVZ nerve stemcell as well as P7d the SD big mouse internal ear stem cell, does nothave the blood serum complete culture medium raise through D-MEM/F12to cause its massive multiplication, a part carries on Nestin, NF,CNP, GFAP, MAP-2, Myosin, the P27 immunity group, proved the raise thenerve stem cell has many to the split up ON potential; Another partdyes EGFP after the extension to carry on the guinea pig internal earto transplant, after two weeks fills the class to take the cochleafixed slice observation, discovered has the stem cell ball group inthe internal ear survival, proved the nerve stem cellheterotransplantation the possibility and for transplants the stemcell migration differentiation repair hair cell damage the thoroughresearch accumulation experiment experience.

本实验取材E14d SD大鼠SVZ神经干细胞以及P7d SD大鼠内耳干细胞，通过D-MEM/F12无血清完全培养基培养使其大量增殖，一部分进行Nestin、NF、CNP、GFAP、MAP-2、Myosin、P27免疫组化，证明培养的神经干细胞具有多向分化的潜能；另一部分通过转染EGFP后进行豚鼠内耳移植，两周后灌流取耳蜗固定切片观察，发现有干细胞球团在内耳存活，证明神经干细胞异体移植的可能性并为移植干细胞迁移分化修复毛细胞损伤的深入研究积累实验经验。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。