神经

They are already being evaluated in clinical trials as potential therapeutic agents for major human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease. However, delivery of polypeptide growth factors to compromised neurons in the CNS is problematic because their plasmatic half-life are very short and their abilities to cross the blood-brain barrier are theoretically null.

然而由于中枢神经系统中存在血脑屏障，神经营养因子类物质难以通过血脑屏障而到达靶部位；同时又因为神经营养因子在体内生物半衰期较短，使得全身性用药效果不够理想，另外还往往产生意想不到的副作用，如何解决这些问题对于深入研究神经营养因子在神经损伤及神经系统退行性疾病中的作用及开展临床应用前景研究有着十分重要的意义。

The results show that the single-layered neural tube fails to form and the neural crest cells remain at the lateral regions in the explants with NTDs. However, the patterning of the neural tube is not affected as indicated by the normal expression of the preneural genes.

结果显示神经管闭合缺陷的移植体不能形成单层化的神经管，并且神经晴细胞滞留在侧面区域不能向背侧中线迁移，而对神经前体标记基因的检测显示神经管的背腹图式形成并未受到影响。

In addition, the lack of abnormalities of the spinal cord on MRI, the absence of an F-wave on nerve conduction study (a possible sign of radiculopathy), and the absence of deep tendon reflexes without weakness support the possibility of radiculitis as a complication.

另外， 在脑部核磁共振未查出颈脊椎神经异常，在神经传导检查缺乏F波(可能是神经根病变的病徵)，和深腱无反射但没无力感，支持神经根炎并发症的可能性。

It has been proved by previous studies that peripheral nerve injury can induce a series of changes of expression of some neural active material and their receptors either in the somata or in the terminals of the damaged primary afferent neurons and motoneurons. These changes may reflect a re-ordering of metabolic priorities so that the synthesis of trophic factors or growth-associated proteins augmented while that of neurotransmitter-related proteins decreased.

以往的研究表明，周围神经损伤能够引起受损神经元(包括初级传入神经元和运动神经元)的胞体或终末内某些神经活性物质及其受体的表达发生一系列变化，其中与神经生长和营养有关的物质常发生上调，而与神经传递有关的物质则发生下调；与此同时，受损神经元的周围常伴随发生胶质反应及神经胶质增生等变化。

Outcomes in patients with suprascapular nerve as recipient was significantly better than that in patients with axillary nerve as recipient, So the suprascapular nerve should be selected as the best choice of recipient; And functional deficit occured in upper, middle and lower portions of trapezius after the traditional spinal accessory nerve transfer.

副神经移位治疗臂丛神经损伤恢复肩关节外展功能，修复肩胛上神经的疗效优于修复腋神经，应把移位修复肩胛上神经作为首选；传统锁骨上前入路手术后斜方肌各部功能有明显下降。

The study suggested that TNF〓 and IL-1〓 might be produced in the cascade of events resulting in Wallerian degeneration and hyperalgesia following peripheral nerve compression, and increased TNF〓 and IL-1〓 mRNA may trigger other later responses in nervous system contributing to the initiation of peripheral neuropathic pain or other degeneration/regeneration processes.

提示：外周神经受压后诸如华勒氏变性、痛觉过敏等一系列反应可能有TNF〓和IL-1〓的产生，而后者的增加又会启动其它神经反应而在外周神经源性痛形成和神经退变/再生中发挥作用。

We observed the changes of the proprioceptors in the partly injuried ACL and the xenogeneic graft/artificial graft being used to reconstructing the injuried ACL with gold chlorid staining method and laser copolymerization electron micrography method to observe the morphological changes of the neuromechanism in the ligament tissue,with RT-PCR method to evaluate the proportion and the regeneration of the nerve component and with HRP retrograde tracking technology and electrophysiologic study to judge the functional changes of the neuromechanism in the ligament tissue,respectively.

本研究分别制作兔ACL部分损伤动物模型、异种肌腱移植物重建损伤ACL动物模型和LARS人工韧带重建损伤ACL动物模型，分别于术后不同时间点对损伤ACL/移植物进行氯化金染色光学显微镜检查和PGP9.5免疫荧光染色后激光共聚焦电子显微镜检查观察韧带内神经结构形态学变化，用RT-PCR法检测韧带中GAP-43和PGP 9.5的mRNA表达情况以评价损伤ACL/移植物内神经成分比例及神经再生情况，通过HRP逆行追踪技术和电生理检查(包括体感诱发电位和腘绳肌肌电图)评价损伤ACL/移植物内神经结构的功能情况。

Several investigators have determined that placing the electrode parallel rather than perpendicular to the target nerve substantially increases the size of the lesion, thereby reducing the likelihood the treatment will miss or only partially coagulate the target nerve.234,235 After a literature review and cadaveric study, Lau et al.234 concluded the ideal electrode position is across the lateral neck of the superior articular process rather than the groove formed at the angle of the superior articular and transverse processes, as was used in most studies.159,160Other investigators have found the maximal lesion size to be reached within 60 s of lesion time,235–237 independent of whether the system is temperature or voltage controlled.238 Studies conducted in human myocardium have determined that irrigation fluid has either no effect or a slightly beneficial effect on lesion size.239 Hence, the use of LA to prevent procedure-related pain or steroid to reduce the incidence of neuritis184 should theoretically have no adverse effects on the efficacy of radiofrequency denervation.

一些研究者认为，将点击平行的置于目标神经比将其垂直置于目标神经增加了消融的范围，因而减少损伤可能使目标神经不被或部分被消融。Lau等回顾了文献中对尸体的研究，总结出理想的电极放置位置为上关节突颈部外侧而非常采用的上关节突与横突形成的沟。其他学者研究发现，不论系统是温度控制或电压控制，其最大的损伤范围都在60秒内达到。在心肌灌注的研究中，灌注液多损伤范围造成轻微或不造成损伤。因此，使用LA预防过程相关性疼痛或类固醇防止神经炎发生时，需理论上确保对射频消融效果无副作用。

Vitamin is a kind of material for alimenting nerves. It helps the nerve cells to grow, and helps to keep the natural functions of nerves. It plays part in the process of forming the nerve deliveries; cure the hearing nerves back to the well-balanced situation.

维生素是营养神经的物质，它不仅能够帮助神经元生长，并且能够帮助维持各种神经的正常功能，参与神经递质的形成，使听力神经恢复正常状态。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined transplantation of neurotrophin-3 and neural stem ceils in treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats, and study the possible mechanism.

目的研究神经营养素3（NT-3）及神经干细胞联合移植对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠神经功能恢复及神经干细胞分化为神经元的比例的影响，并探讨其可能机制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。