社会组织

Moreover, I shall define the legal characters of gangland-involved organization in six respects, hat is, certain open sphere of influence; considerable tight organizing features; certain economic power to seek economic interests and benefits; existing political "umbrella": violence- and threat-featured behavioral characters and severe damages to economic, social and living orders.

笔者从六个方面界定了黑社会性质组织的法律特征，即：有一定公开的势力范围；有比较严密的组织特征；具有一定经济实力，谋求经济利益；具有政治"保护伞"；以暴力、威胁为主的行为特征；对经济、社会生活秩序的严重破坏性。

As a symbiosis existence organization, un iversity need to constantly learn from the social system, exchange and feedback all types of resources, meanwhile it must adhere to the"Entity—Relations"thinking, need to focus on the accumulation and use of social capital, need to realize oneself with system's synchronized construction and harmonious paragenesis, so as to make the progress unceasingly.

作为共生性存在的大学组织，需要不断地从社会系统中汲取、交换和回馈各类资源，需要坚持"实体—关系"思维，需要重视社会资本的积累和利用，实现自身与系统的同步构建与和谐共生，才能不断取得发展。

Nonprofit organization is the preserver of social justice and morals, bust also the practicer.

非营利组织是社会正义、道德的维护者与实践者，所以非营利组织被认为是不会做坏事的。

For the effects of the disenchantment of the world, men used a kind of tools of reasoning and calculation, denying the pre-existence of the value, to pick up the elements of liberalism, such as people's subjectivity, the existence of plaralistic value and so on.

人类在社会理性化过程中达到了为世界祛魅的效果，运用一种推理与计算的工具，否认价值的先在性，从而得出人的主体性、多元价值的存在、价值中立等自由主义的元素，使得自由主义成为现代社会最基本的意识形态和最基本的组织房、则。

At present, public management practice is being transformed into society"s ma naging typetaking society as standard from the traditional government"s ruling type of regarding government as standard. Between NGO and people play a more and more important role in public policy making and function more and more preem inent. This undoubtedly declares that the citizens participate in the public policy making has entered a brand-new developing period.

当前，公共管理实践正由传统的以政府为本位的政府统治型向以社会为本位的社会治理型转变，非政府组织和民众在公共管理和公共政策制定中的地位和作用日显重要和突出，这无疑昭示着公民参与公共政策制定进入了崭新的发展时期。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

It is important to establish and perfect the management system of recreational sports in order to give full play to director.

要建立健全我国社会体育组织管理体制，以保障充分发挥社会体育指导员的作用。

But we assure the socialists that we repudiate only forced organization, not natural organization.

但是我们向社会主义者保证，我们否定的仅仅是强制性组织而不是自然的组织。

And we argue that, if the research is to be deepen in further steps and breakthroughs are to be achieved, something must be done: to reject the noble-like thinking characterized by the sense of ego-superiority of self-culture; to get the better of the thinking habit such as the argument of feudal-clan, the argument of backward politic ideology of the peasantry;to relate rural clans to the peasantry, their subject of benefits instead of splitting them, and regard the multi-choices of ways of the existence and social benefits of rural society as well as urban society, thus to overcome the static vision on looking at the rural clan.

农村改革兴起后，农村宗族组织及其活动在中国商品经济最为活跃的东南地区的普遍复兴，给了这一思维定势以强烈的冲击，进而引起学者们对这一问题的重新认识和反思；进入80年代末期以后，随着村民自治建设的不断推进，作为一种农村社会群体形式的宗族组织自然又与村民自治自觉不自觉地缠绕在一起，如何评价宗族在村民自治进程中的角色和影响便成为一个更具有现实性意义的话题。

In here, missionaries builtchurches and recruited believers, made widespread connections with Suiyuan society throughcommon customs, such as managing land, organizing self-defensive corps, building schools andhospitals.

传教士们在这里建立教堂，吸收教徒，并经营土地、组织团练、建设学校和医院，通过干预世俗生活而与当地社会各个层面发生了广泛的联系，对近代绥远地区的社会造成了一定的影响。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。