社会组织

In view of executive power to intervene in the allocation of resources over the reality of the situation, should intensify their efforts to clean up the recent各种乱收费, levies, and shut the power of the currency market of the "gray channel" reflects the strong focus on cleaning up the community, do not lead to monopolies fair competition policy, and actively create a fair and regulated competitive environment, maximizing the contribution of income and reflected on and so on; to be a more effective means of remediation of illegal income, seek to abuse the interests of individuals or small groups with severe punishment imposed for corruption ; At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the reform of the political system, and promote democratization and openness in decision-making, and strengthen the public service and acts of administrative bodies at all levels of supervision and constraints on the exercise of such power by the process of forming a comprehensive and reasonable mechanism for binding.

当中产阶级成为一个国家的主流群体时，就会结成一张维护社会长治久安的&安全网&。如果说&社会稳定是压倒一切的政治任务&的话，那么，扩大中产阶级的比重就是实现稳定的社会基础。如何促进中国中产阶级的快速发展？笔者认为当前应特别重视以下几个方面：（1）加强法律保护的力度。实践证明，只有依法保护私人产权和维护社会公正，才能促使人们凭借勤劳和智慧去创造财富，才能抑制少数人依仗权势&寻租&和通过贪污腐败手段暴富，才能防止百姓的私有财产不被权贵势力非法侵吞。这样，所有的人将可平等地获得上升的机会，私人资本和职业阶层也会有更大的成长空间。（2）大力发展公共教育事业。知识能够帮助人们改变命运，只有大力发展公共教育，才能使更多的人得到平等分享经济增长成果的机会，这是知识经济时代培育中产阶级的&树人工程&。我们要尽快普及12年制义务教育，大力开展终身教育，打造更多的学习型组织，营造学习型社会的氛围，从而使更多的人通过攀登知识阶梯而升入中产阶级。（3）加快金融创新。中国居民目前工资收入在家庭收入中的比重平均为70％左右，大大高于发达国家50％的水平。工资收入在家庭收入中的占比过大，自然会减缓大多数人进入中产阶级行列的步伐。我们认为，要提高居民收入中非工资收入的比重，最重要的措施就要培育居民的投资意识，并通过金融创新为他们提供多样化的投资工具（如形式多样的共同基金等）。（4）提高专业技术人员、经营管理者、教师、研究人员、公务员等智力劳动者的收入，鼓励智力劳动者进行智力投资，并保护相应的合法权益。（5）建立职业经理人激励机制（包括年薪、奖金、红股、期权等方式），形成职业经理人致富与企业发展互动的财富积累机制。

The underworld organization is a half-concealed social community with numerous members.

黑社会组织是指由众多成员组成，有严密的组织性和组织亚文化，使用暴力、威胁或以暴力、威胁为后盾，控制一定的社会区域或行业，向权力部门渗透并建立了保护伞，以牟取经济利益为最终目的的半隐蔽的社会群体。

The underworld organization is a half-concealed social community with numerous members. Its principle of organization is very tight with its own inferior culture. The underworld organization controls a certain part of social district or some professions by applying violence and menace, or by force of violence and menace. Moreover the underworld organization can permeate to the power section and establish an umbrella. Its final purpose is striving for economic benefits.

黑社会组织是指由众多成员组成，有严密的组织性和组织亚文化，使用暴力、威胁或以暴力、威胁为后盾，控制一定的社会区域或行业，向权力部门渗透并建立了保护伞，以牟取经济利益为最终目的的半隐蔽的社会群体。

Among the institutions that generated evolutionary bottlenecks are the Islamic law of inheritance, which inhibited capital accumulation; the absence in Islamic law of the concept of a corporation and the consequent weaknesses of civil society; and the waqf, which locked vast resources into unproductive organizations for the delivery of social services.

对进化起阻碍作用的制度包括限制了资本积累的伊斯兰继承法；伊斯兰教法中公司概念的缺乏以及随之而来的市民社会的薄弱；还有穆斯林宗教与社团组织，它将大量资源限制在非生产性的组织之内来提供社会服务。

However, in the process of carrying out their activities,non-profit organizations might be inevitably temped by all kinds of interests, and even gradually lose its basic social morality without conscious, which would eventually lead to the loss of public responsibility.

然而，非营利组织在开展活动的过程中，也不免会受到各种利益的诱惑与侵蚀，会出现在不自觉中渐渐丧失掉基本的社会道德伦理的可能性，最终会导致公共责任的缺失，对社会发展造成巨大的负面效应，打击社会公众的信念，最终导致社会资源的减少，使志愿活动所追求的社会目标受损。

Chapter Ⅴ is the Ⅱvaluation of native resources and the modern meanings of conventional law. The core idea of each chapter is as follows:The first chapter evaluates individualism jurisprudence methodology first of all, though which rereads the connotation of conventional law. It thanks conventional law is been being nationally by the folk social groups and teams after long producing and living, which embodies the willing and benefit of the folk social groups and teams and appoints for its resolving system of rights、duty and conflict, including the general action standard that recognized material and spiritual strength ensures its implement. The standard's extention includes producing conventional law, living conventional law, commercial conventional law, ethnic conventional law, religious conventional law, and etc..

各章主要内容概述如下：第一章先对个人主义法学方法论进行评介，尔后从此方法论视角重新解读了习惯法的涵义，认为习惯法是由一定的民间社会群体或组织在长期的生产、生活中自然形成的，体现民间社会群体或组织成员的意志和利益，约定其权利、义务和冲突解决机制，并由其成员认可的物质或精神力量保障实施的普遍性行为规范的总称，其外延包括生产习惯法、生活习惯法、商业习惯法、民族习惯法、宗教习惯法等。

Students who have completed the required courses can have access to the choice of over thirty optional courses ranging from tool-using training, to interest extending studies and comprehensive researches. These courses are elaborately designed to extend the students' scope of knowledge in their preferred field and give chances for special-field teachers to teach. We run a Nankai Forum joined by specialists of science and humanities on a regular basis to refresh the academic air and stimulate the students to learn further and wider. We publish the school journal Nankai Teaching Research to help teaching and research. We hold lecture contests among teachers for academic exchange and improvement. We also arrange for students to edit publications, make investigations, and practise socially to create a special atmosphere of learning.

在各年级开齐开足必修课的基础上，学校每学期都开设既严谨又开放的基础工具、兴趣拓展、综合探究等类型的选修课30余门，让老师的专攻有用武之地，学生的个性爱好有拓展的空间；设立&南开讲坛&，定期请来在相关领域有知名度和学术水平的专家学者，科学传导和人文渗透并重，营造在科学观念指导下的文化环境，激发他们对学术殿堂的景仰和向往；定期编辑学术刊物《南开教研》，丰富学术研究的舞台；组织教师基本功优质课比赛，营造交流探讨、学术争论的氛围；组织学生编期刊、搞社会调查、进行社会实践等，建构南开特有的学术氛围。

It is it with request that law run a country, establish the system of perfecting the fire control law, manage the fire in accordance with the law to meet to want, build the socialist fire control state with an adequate legal system; Meet the needs of market economy, change the administrative management function of fire control, implement macroscopical management service, set up norm perfect , turn round coordinating , transparent high-efficient administrative management system of fire control; Arouse the enthusiasm that the society of various fields launches fire control work, set up the social mechanism of management of security against fire taken charge in unison and jointly administrate; Cultivate and develop fire control intermediary affairs not to organize in a more cost-effective manner , use market lever is it promote fire control to work to regulate, advance fire control work socialization; Meet the needs of socialist spiritual civilization, strengthen and improve the fire control propaganda work in a more cost-effective manner, cultivate and carry forward the modern firecontrol culture of the distinct Chinese characteristics, raise the whole peoples consciousness of security against fire and fire control quality; Meet the requests of the market economy and accession to the WTO of our country, strengthen the products management of fire control, advance the industrial modernization of fire control, realize the development of national fire control industry.

要适应以法治国的要求，建立健全消防法律体系，实行依法治火，建设社会主义消防法制国家；适应市场经济的要求，转变消防行政管理职能，实行宏观管理服务，建立规范完善、运转协调、透明高效的消防行政管理体制；调动社会各方面开展消防工作的积极性，建立齐抓共管的社会消防安全管理机制；大力培育和发展消防中介事务组织，运用市场杠杆调节促进消防工作，推进消防工作社会化；适应社会主义精神文明建设的要求，大力加强和改进消防宣传工作，培育和弘扬中国特色的现代消防文化，提高全民的消防安全意识和消防素质；适应市场经济和我国加入世贸组织的要求，加强消防产品管理，推进消防工业现代化，实现民族消防工业的振兴。

The writer think: Globalization offers non-governmental organizations more and more power, the result of which is the fact that some leading powers and leading power groups take control of these organizations to interfere in the sovereignty of other countries. So, from the above, we can observe the impacts upon the political stability in China. Second, during the process of China"s melting into globalization, the sharp competition between foreign enterprises and native ones is inevitable. Weshould not be overoptimistic to the relative employment increase brought byinglobalization. Third, the western developed powers headed by US strengthen their exploitation upon developing countries by means of economic globalization, it cause and aggravate world economic development disequilibrium, wealth is distributed unfairly among countries, the social environment of Chinese economic development have been worsened, the "common rich of goal is not realization.

认为：全球化使得非政府组织的作用越来越大，某些大国和大国集团从本国利益出发，操纵非政府组织对别国实行超国家干预，妨碍民族国家主权的行使，这种趋势对中国社会的政治稳定构成冲击；中国融入全球化的过程，也是外资企业与民族企业激烈竞争的过程，国际市场的变量使我们对融入全球化给中国带来的就业增长，不能盲目乐观；以美国为首的西方发达国家借助经济全球化，加强剥削和掠夺，导致和加剧了世界经济发展的进一步不平衡，财富分配严重不公，恶化了中国经济发展的社会环境，影响了&共同富裕&目标的实现；中国优秀人才的大量外流，使21世纪中国的高科技生产力面临挑战；环境退化与全球化同步，将使我国国家生态安全面临威胁；文化信息全球共享，东西方文化冲突使中国特色的社会主义文化建设面临霸权主义的冲击。

After the reform and opening-up, along with the deepening of market economy system and political reform, the entire society presents the opening, loose and active atmosphere day by day, various civil society organizations emerge increasingly. Civil society which takes the individual rights as the foundation and takes the civil society organizations as chief feature grows up gradually.

改革开放以后，随着我国市场经济体制和政治体制改革的逐步深入，整个社会日益呈现出开放、宽松、活跃的氛围，各种各样的民间组织日益涌现，以个人权利为基础，以民间组织为主要特征的公民社会逐渐兴起。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。