社会的

The social origin of credit risk include: the dissatisfaction of appetence, the pursuit of life style and taste in order to achieve the upward mobility, the fragments of expert knowledge fostered by risk society and inestimable characteristic of risk.

本文指出，消费社会的欲望的不可满足性，消费社会中人们对生活风格和品味的追求以实现向上流动，风险社会所孕育的专家知识的片段性以及风险的不可估量性特征是信用卡风险的社会来源。

The theory of "harmonious forest farm" reckons that:①State-owned forest farm is an exoteric complex-system, which is the coupling of forest ecosystem, forestry economic system, and social system in forest farm;②Harmonious forest farm is the farm constructed under the background of socialist market economy and building a moderately prosperous society;③The features of "harmonious forest farm" are the development of production, the prosperity of life and good ecological environment;This farm is a modern state-owned forest farm, the symbols of which are the high value of itself, the good benefits of wokers and the abundance of forest resources;④The key of it is the harmony of farm and society, farm and environment as well as farmitself——that is to say,"harmonious forest farm" should aim to meet the needs of the country and thesociety; forest management should put maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, forest ecosystem health and integrity to the center; inside the forest farm, there should form the mechanism of balancing interests and learning mechanism for sharing at the core of the executive feedback mechanism of forest management, advancing the workers to form a comradely mutual aid relationship.

其要点是：①国有林场是开放的复杂系统，它由森林生态系统、林业经济系统、林场社会系统耦合而成；②和谐林场是在社会主义市场经济和全面建设小康社会背景下建设的林场；③和谐林场是以生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好为特征，以国有林场价值高、林场职工福利好、森林资源丰富为标志的现代国有林场；④和谐林场的关键是要求林场与社会、林场与环境以及林场自身达到和谐，即"和谐林场"必须以满足国家与社会的需求为目的，在森林资源经营上，始终以维持与提高生物多样性、森林生态系统的健康与完整为中心，在林场内部形成以森林经营方案执行反馈机制为核心的利益均衡机制和学习共享机制，促进林场干部职工形成同志式互助关系。

Taking the morals root in human's real life, getting rid of the sacred value to the moral terms, is good to develop the student's criticalness thought, to develop the moral rational initiation; to keenly grasp two big historical pulses" of the residential society" and "the market economy", it has the solid social basis, and provides the safeguard of "the harmonious society", and is also helpful in promotion to harmony of human, himself and society With natural.

将道德植根于人的现实生活，摆脱神圣价值对道德的规约，有利于发展学生的批判性思维，是对道德理性的启蒙；敏锐地把握住"市民社会"和"市场经济"两大历史脉搏，具备坚实的社会基础，为"和谐社会"的建立提供了保障，有助于增进人与自我、与他人、与社会及与自然的和谐。

The Communist Daoism is a social Daoism, which seeks after the origin of communism, reveals the origin of happiness of the human society, cognizes profoundly the moral mystery mechanism and provides Daoist principles for creating a happy way of social living.

共产道学是社会道学，追溯共产之源，揭示人类社会的幸福之源，深刻认识道德玄机，为创建幸福的社会生存方式提供道学原理。

In view of executive power to intervene in the allocation of resources over the reality of the situation, should intensify their efforts to clean up the recent各种乱收费, levies, and shut the power of the currency market of the "gray channel" reflects the strong focus on cleaning up the community, do not lead to monopolies fair competition policy, and actively create a fair and regulated competitive environment, maximizing the contribution of income and reflected on and so on; to be a more effective means of remediation of illegal income, seek to abuse the interests of individuals or small groups with severe punishment imposed for corruption ; At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the reform of the political system, and promote democratization and openness in decision-making, and strengthen the public service and acts of administrative bodies at all levels of supervision and constraints on the exercise of such power by the process of forming a comprehensive and reasonable mechanism for binding.

当中产阶级成为一个国家的主流群体时，就会结成一张维护社会长治久安的&安全网&。如果说&社会稳定是压倒一切的政治任务&的话，那么，扩大中产阶级的比重就是实现稳定的社会基础。如何促进中国中产阶级的快速发展？笔者认为当前应特别重视以下几个方面：（1）加强法律保护的力度。实践证明，只有依法保护私人产权和维护社会公正，才能促使人们凭借勤劳和智慧去创造财富，才能抑制少数人依仗权势&寻租&和通过贪污腐败手段暴富，才能防止百姓的私有财产不被权贵势力非法侵吞。这样，所有的人将可平等地获得上升的机会，私人资本和职业阶层也会有更大的成长空间。（2）大力发展公共教育事业。知识能够帮助人们改变命运，只有大力发展公共教育，才能使更多的人得到平等分享经济增长成果的机会，这是知识经济时代培育中产阶级的&树人工程&。我们要尽快普及12年制义务教育，大力开展终身教育，打造更多的学习型组织，营造学习型社会的氛围，从而使更多的人通过攀登知识阶梯而升入中产阶级。（3）加快金融创新。中国居民目前工资收入在家庭收入中的比重平均为70％左右，大大高于发达国家50％的水平。工资收入在家庭收入中的占比过大，自然会减缓大多数人进入中产阶级行列的步伐。我们认为，要提高居民收入中非工资收入的比重，最重要的措施就要培育居民的投资意识，并通过金融创新为他们提供多样化的投资工具（如形式多样的共同基金等）。（4）提高专业技术人员、经营管理者、教师、研究人员、公务员等智力劳动者的收入，鼓励智力劳动者进行智力投资，并保护相应的合法权益。（5）建立职业经理人激励机制（包括年薪、奖金、红股、期权等方式），形成职业经理人致富与企业发展互动的财富积累机制。

According to Chattelilee, a normative theory of civil society cannot fit well with the reality in India. To overcome such disadvantages, he proposes a theory of political society to explain Indian social development and prescribes a formula of protecting subalterns' rights and interests.

查特杰认为规范性的公民社会理论无法解释印度的现实情况，故提出&政治社会&的概念和理论，以弥补公民社会理论的短处，维护印度底层社会成员的权益。

The positive operation of a socialist harmonious society can be achieved only by solidating the dynamic system for the systematic operation of such a society,which includes safeguarding the mechanism of taking people as subject,establishing a mechanism for sci-tech innovation,strengthening the mechanism for education development,and improving the mechanism for social democracy.

实现社会主义和谐社会的良性运行，必须筑牢和谐社会系统运行的动力系统，包括维护人民主体机制、打造科技进步机制、加强教育发展机制和健全社会民主机制。

The traditional Rural Corporation Medical system referred to setup, personnel, money and so on. Among them, the most representative and the most living parts are the barefoot doctors, the money for the corporation and the movement "San tu, Si zi". The system, as an effective way of controlling the society and regulated system, was studied from these parts, which is the main idea of the paper. In the meanwhile, to show the historic features of the system, the environment and other factors must be included, like social culture, social psychology, the change of rural structure and the rural three-class medical net.

传统农村合作医疗制度涉及机构、人员、资金诸多方面，其中赤脚医生、合作医疗基金、&三土、四自&群众运动可以说是制度中最具代表性、最生动的部分，把农村合作医疗制度作为一种管理和控制社会的有效方式和规范体系，以此为切入点进行历史考察，是本文的指导思想；同时，全方位展现这一制度的历史面貌还必须包括对制度外围环境诸多因素的研究，如社会文化和社会心理、农村社会结构的变迁、农村三级医疗卫生网、农业合作化运动等。

The analysis focuses on the social context of witch-hunt including the living environment of Western Europe in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (geographical and climatic factors), social life (economic change the political turbulence) and the mentality of early modern Europe (cosmology, death and self-reflection). In the second part, the author discusses the formation of Demonology and its contents.

着重分析引发巫术迫害这种独特的社会现象的社会背景，包括：16、17世纪西欧社会的生活环境、社会生活和西欧近代早期人们的心态(宇宙观、死亡观念以及对自我的态度)。

Chapter 2 12. Enculturation is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.

社会文化适应：社会文化适应：人们学习适应自己所在社会的文化的社会化过程。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。