社会生物学家

Wilson(1929-)Who is a well-known biologist in modern America is regarded as"the Father of Sociobiology"and"the Father of Biodiversity". In 1975, Wilson published the book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis that convulsed the whole Western science and antilogy group, which indicated the naissance of the sociobiology.

威尔逊(Edward Osborne Wilson，1929—)是当今美国著名的生物学家、博物学家，是公认的"社会生物学之父"和"生物多样性之父"。1975年，威尔逊出版了惊世之作——《社会生物学：新的综合》，标志着社会生物学这门学科的诞生。

Edward O.Wilson(1929—)who is a well-known biologist in modem America is regarded as "the Father of Sociobiolgy" and "the Father of Biodiversity".In 1975, Wilson published the book Sociobiology:The New Synthesis that convulsed the whole Western science and antilogy group,which indicated the naissance of the sociobiology.

爱德华·O·威尔逊(Edward Osborne Wilson，1929—)是当今美国著名的生物学家、博物学家，是公认的"社会生物学之父"和"生物多样性之父"。1975年，威尔逊一发表了震撼整个西方科学界和思想界的《社会生物学：新的综合》，标志着社会生物学的诞生。

This is precisely the problem of corporality we have to face. Questions like the origin of life, social evolution and decipherment of life codes, are not only research topics for evolutionists and biologists, but also subjects of enquiry for philosophers and thinkers: the body is not material; gender is not physiological; life can take on a more advanced form of existence.

这恰恰是我们今天要面对的身体性问题，从生命源起到社会进化再到生命密码的破解，不仅是进化论者、生物学家的课题，也是哲学家、思想家思考的对象：身体并非物质，性别并非生理，生命有更高级的存在形式。

How would a "sociobiologist" react to these two different views?

一名社会生物学家会怎样回应这两种不同的观点？

To the human sociobiologist and evolutionary psychologist, culture is either trivial or so bound by genetic fitness that it is unimportant.

对社会生物学家和进化心理学家而言，文化要么是微不足道的，要么是受遗传适合度束缚太多而变得不重要的。

Sociobiologist Donald G. MacRae suggests some of the implications of this fact.

社会生物学家唐纳德·G·麦克雷道出了这个事实的一些含义。

It was regarded as the most drastic evolution controversy after on the Origin of Species, and it was also premise of most researches nowadays. In this thesis, I hope to keep an object position so as to have cognizance of the influences that Wilson's theory to sociobiology, and comprehend why he would transform gradually from ant expert to a sociobiologist, and to know which factors make him to do this, finally differentiate and analysediscriminate the controversy.

而本文希望从威尔逊和社会生物学的关系入手，重点探讨最初作为蚂蚁专家的威尔逊，如何成为探索人性奥秘的社会生物学家，在威尔逊之前，社会生物学有哪些理论背景，威尔逊如何将前人的理论成果加以综合，使之成为一门系统学科，最后，再针对社会生物学引起的争议从原著角度简要辨析。

F段第四行,跳读后句子变为:A sociobiologist claims that this instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors.

一个社会生物学家声称，这种本能进化为一种积极的特点，已经对我们的祖先具有生存价值。

However, many critics have pointed out that the language of sociobiology often slips from "is" to "ought", leading sociobiologists to make arguments against social reform on the basis that socially progressive societies are at odds with our innermost nature.

然而，许多批评人士指出，社会生物学的语言往往从"是"滑到"应当"，导致社会生物学家以渐进发展的社会与我们的内心本质不一致为由提出反对社会改革的论点。

From the well respected " Hijra " group of 5th century India to the transsexuals of China's Warring States period two thousand years ago, throughout time there have always been people who felt the need to change their sex. Whether or not it violates preconceived notions of what is 'natural', in a human society already so far from nature, biologists have shown us that gender is a multifaceted thing. Yet sexual minorities now are constantly shunned by mainstream society.

从公元5世纪存在至今在印度受人尊重的变性团体&海吉拉斯&，到野史记载的两千年前战国时期的变性事件，改变性别是从古至今一些人士的夙求，不管这是否违反了所谓的自然规律，在已经没有自然可言的人类社会里，生物学家告诉我们性别是五花八门的，只不过是性少数总不被主流社会接受而已。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失