社会政治的

Let us not weary of repeating, and sympathetic souls must not forget that this is the first of fraternal obligations, and selfish hearts must understand that the first of political necessities consists in thinking first of all of the disinherited and sorrowing throngs, in solacing, airing, enlightening, loving them, in enlarging their horizon to a magnificent extent, in lavishing upon them education in every form, in offering them the example of labor, never the example of idleness, in diminishing the individual burden by enlarging the notion of the universal aim, in setting a limit to poverty without setting a limit to wealth, in creating vast fields of public and popular activity, in having, like Briareus, a hundred hands to extend in all directions to the oppressed and the feeble, in employing the collective power for that grand duty of opening workshops for all arms, schools for all aptitudes, and laboratories for all de GRE es of intelligence, in augmenting salaries, diminishing trouble, balancing what should be and what is, that is to say, in proportioning enjoyment to effort and a glut to need; in a word, in evolving from the social apparatus more light and more comfort for the benefit of those who suffer and those who are ignorant.

我们应当不厌其烦地反复提出：要最先想到那些没有生计的痛苦民众，为他们减少困难，让他们得到空气和光明，爱护他们，扩大他们的视野，使他们感到灿烂辉煌，用种种形式为他们提供接受教育的机会，为他们提供劳动的榜样，而不是游手好闲的榜样，减轻他们个人负担的压力，增加他们对总目标的认识，限制穷困而不限制财富，大量创造人民共同劳动的天地，象布里亚柔斯①那样，把一百只手从四面八方伸向受压迫和软弱无力的人，为这一伟大职责运用集体的力量，为所有的胳膊开设工厂，为所有的才能开办学校，为所有的智力设立实验室，增加工资，减轻惩罚，平衡收支，也就是说，调整福利与劳动之间和享用与需求之间的比重。总之，要使社会机器为受苦和无知的人的利益发出更多的光明和更多的温暖，使富于同情心的人不忘记这些，这是人间友爱的第一义务，使自私自利的人懂得这些，这是政治的第一需要。①布里亚柔斯，神话中的巨人，是天和地的儿子，有五十个头和一百只手。

The author believes that, Narrating in Vogue, a representative urban cultural style,first appeared in Shanghai in the second vicenary of last century. Through fashionmagazines and public medias, this cultural style quickly occupied the mainstream,affected the philosophy and judgment of the mass, played a sub-ideology role insocial construction as a living politics.

笔者认为，&时尚叙事&是 20 世纪二三十年代出现于上海商业都市的一种时尚性的另类都市文化叙事，这类风格的叙事以时尚杂志或大众传媒手段为载体，借助时尚性、大众传播的传媒方式占领文化市场，直接驱入都市日常生活的各个时空，并且以生活政治的方式影响并左右着人们的思想行为和价值判断，在社会的现代化建设中发挥了亚意识形态的作用。

I didn't realize that the biggest obstacle to political and social progress wasn't the Free Masons, or the Establishment, or the boot heel of whatever you consider the man to be, it was something much subtle. As the provost just referred to, a combination of our own indifference and the Kafkaesque labyrinth of you encounter as people vanish down the corridors of bureaucracy.

我本来不知道那组挡政治和社会进步的最大阻力，不是那些不受控制的石匠或是国家统治集团，或是任何你以为是的一些穿有跟靴子的家伙，而是一些更奥秘多了的东西：就像刚刚院长提到的，一种我们的漠不关心和当人们消失在官僚机构的走廊时，你遭遇到的一种类似卡夫卡小说情境中的迷宫感，两者互相结合。

The author believes that, Narrating in Vogue, a representative urban cultural style, first appeared in Shanghai in the second vicenary of last century.

笔者认为，&时尚叙事&是 20 世纪二三十年代出现于上海商业都市的一种时尚性的另类都市文化叙事，这类风格的叙事以时尚杂志或大众传媒手段为载体，借助时尚性、大众传播的传媒方式占领文化市场，直接驱入都市日常生活的各个时空，并且以生活政治的方式影响并左右着人们的思想行为和价值判断，在社会的现代化建设中发挥了亚意识形态的作用。

Under the male-supremacy system in ancient western society, the marital rape in the criminal-law theory could undoubtedly have not a leg to stand on with the "male immunity" supported by "wife's commitment" and other arguments. Since the latter half of the 20th century, when a feminist movement for equal political, economic and sexual rights swept across western countries with an irresistible momentum in the on-going industrial revolution, people have begun to cast doubt upon the "male immunity" and write off the principle in the crime of rape.

古代西方在传统夫制社会下的男强女弱、男主女从的模式之下，刑法理论中的婚内强奸难以占得一席之地，主要缘于以&妻子承诺论&和&促使女方报复论&为理论支撑的&丈夫豁免&。20世纪中后期以来，在工业革命的背景下，西方各国开始了一场规模空前、势不可挡的以追求政治、经济、性权利平等为目标的女权运动，人们开始逐步反思检讨&丈夫豁免&的正当性，摒弃了强奸罪中的&丈夫除外&原则。

This article is divided into seven sections: The first part deals with Martin Luther King Jr.'s experiences in his early years; the second with the Montgomery bus boycott led by King ,the action lasted one year and a few weeks and finally the city's buses were desegregated; the third with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference built by King and his other black leaders ,aiming at promoting the successful Montgomery action; the fourth with the letter from the Birmingham jail,this section fully demonstrated King's strong will and persistence for Black Civil Movement ;the fifth with Challenges of the final years,during which King had to meet the challenges from inside and outside for his business; the sixth with Posthumous reputation and legacy,this part records the reputation King owned after his death in honor of his outstanding contribution for Black Civil Movement and the controversy; the seventh with assessment,it mainly focuses on great influence King had on human being ,especially American politics and economics.

摘要这篇文章分为六个部分，第一部分介绍了马丁·路德·金早年的成长历程；第二部分记述了金投身民权事业，组织蒙哥马利罢乘运动，这场运动前后持续了一年零几个月，最后迫使法院判决该市在公交车上实施种族隔离的做法是非法的，活动取得成功；第三部分记述了金和其他黑人民权领导人建立南方基督教领导会议，以寻求蒙哥马利胜利后的进一步发展；第四部分记述了金被捕后，在伯明翰监狱仍坚持斗争，充分显示了他对黑人民权事业的坚定信念；第五部分记述了金在遇害的前几年，为了进一步发展他的事业，所面临的来自内外的挑战；第六部分记述了金死后，为了纪念其对民权运动作出的卓越贡献，各种殊荣纷至踏来，从而也引发了对金的争议；最后一部分探讨了金死后，对后世，尤其是对美国社会政治和经济的影响。

Although Arendt did not articulate a dear solution to these problems, she still offer us a specific access to them by analyzing the phenomena which have already existed in the political sphere such as ideological tenor, the end of the Rights of Man, lies, violence, hypocrisy, guilt, evil, and by examining the conceptions such as the natality and the plurality of human-beings, the capacity of actions and thinking, and the sensus communis. She not only argued for the unique of Man but also emphasized the human-beings in the plural sense; Her formulation of her anti- totalitarianism thought not only demonstrated her guard against the possible invasion of the private space made by the public space, but also shows u s her yearning for the re-birth of the public realm; Her inclination to classical republicanism not only echoes the ancient Greek spirit, but also can be interfused into the contemporary philosophical context.

她虽然没有给出一个针对上述问题的清晰答案，但是，她仍然通过对于政治领域中业已存在着的诸种现象--如意识形态恐怖、人权的丧失以及谎言、暴力、伪善、罪恶等一的分析，并通过对于人的&必然诞生&、人的复数性、人的行动能力、思考能力以及判断力、人的共同感等概念的梳理，提供了一个针对上述问题的独到的思考视角；她既论证了人的存在的独特性和不可替代性，但同时也复数意义上的人作了强调；她对于反极权、反强权思想的理论阐述，既表明了她对于私人领域之遭受公共领域与大众社会侵蚀的警惕，同时更表明了她对于公共领域之再生的关心；她的古典共和主义的倾向，既与古希腊精神遥遥相应，又切中了由当代现实问题所引发的诸多理论关切。

It looked for the direct performance or metaphor of drama in daily life or the political symbols of country. After 1980's, based on ""thick-descriptive"" ethnographies on art, it called for renegotiating the relationship between art and anthropology in order to the further development of anthropology of Art.

解释人类学从日常生活的游戏、国家的政治象征中找寻戏剧的直接展演或隐喻，探寻社会生活的符号意蕴；80年代的艺术人类学在反思&深描&艺术的阐释民族志的基础上，重新审视艺术与人类学之间的关系，以此为发展艺术人类学的途径。

It looked for the direct performance ormetaphor of drama in daily life or the political symbols ofcountry. After 1980"s, based on "thick-descriptiveethnographies on art, it called for renegotiating therelationship between art and anthropology in order to thefurther development of anthropology of Art.

解释人类学从日常生活的游戏、国家的政治象征中找寻戏剧的直接展演或隐喻，探寻社会生活的符号意蕴；80年代的艺术人类学在反思&深描&艺术的阐释民族志的基础上，重新审视艺术与人类学之间的关系，以此为发展艺术人类学的途径。

Psychiatry in Russia provides some evidence of the budding genius at work, but also proves that from scratchy and unpromising first efforts, greatness can build in the career of a documentarist. Despite the death of his brother in 1987, Albert continues to make unique and intelligent documentaries over 50 years after this first one. This is a chance to see the beginnings of a personal style that would come to revolutionise American documentary.Albert and David Maysles are key figures in the birth of the American direct cinema movement. Their mode of filmmaking involves creating a close bond with their subject so that the camera becomes a natural and unobtrusive element.

但无论如何，作为冷战时期少有的几部真实反映苏联社会现状的西方新闻纪录片，《精神病学在俄国》以不带任何政治偏见的眼光审视了苏联的精神病学发展状况和治疗手段，更展现出一位纪录片大师真诚的心，从这点上说，《精神病学在俄国》与梅索斯后来建立的&直接电影&在理念上是相同的，那就是&真实&，直接电影放弃一切画外音叙述，把镜头在被拍摄者生活中的位置降到最低，以最自然最不干预的方式记录，也正是为了追求绝对的真实。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。