社会政治的

In classis theory of civil society, civil society refers to civilization whose opposite is wild society; it is not distinct from political society, the same as political society and civilization.

在古典市民社会理论中，市民社会是指与野蛮社会相对的文明社会；并且与政治社会没有区分，也就是它与政治社会、文明社会属于同一概念。

These three are mutually containable, conditionaland with each other for result.

人的实践活动本质不仅创造了人，使人成为主体性的存在，而且是对人的社会存在和社会本质的确证，同时决定了人的发展的过程性、可塑性和永远不能完成性；人的关系本质制约着人的实践活动和人的需要，决定了人必须在社会中生存和发展，是认识人并把人与人区别开来以及理解人的问题在本质上是社会问题的关键所在；人的需要本质是人从事实践活动的根本动因，从而也是社会发展的本源性动因，人的需要本质要求任何一个社会的政治、经济、文化制度、法律、政策、意识形态以及人们参与社会的种种政治、经济、文化等活动都应以满足人的需要为根本出发点和归宿。

In the concluding remark,beginning with the analysis of the positive and negativeeffect of the party politics in western Europe,the author concludes that the essenceof the European Democratic Socialism and its models is that the Social Democratsstruggle for their political domination according to the pragmatic principle.

结语部分从分析西欧多党政治的正负效应入手，剖析了欧洲民主社会主义及其诸模式的精神实质乃是社会民主党人出于实用主义的考虑，根据各自的国情特点，为自己争取政治统治权的一种特定方式，其根本的存在意义在于充当了一定阶层的公民同政府之间的媒介，缓解和调节社会矛盾，为工人阶级及其它中下层群众参与国家政治生活提供合法渠道，部分地实现公平和正义的社会目标。

After lift curfew the "authoritarian- democracy" of political transformation process, the government pushes a series of political reform, the Taiwan politics enters the period of liberalism, democratization and ethnicism , the elections also affect the development of the party politics, changing the type of the Taiwan party politics, the political liberalism all reduced people to express their ideals cost in the meantime, as a result helped aborigines movements .The aborigines movements starts from aborigine society movement to aborigines' movements, till the movement of reconstruction of the subjective in each tribe, In such situation, the multiculturalism becomes the new direction of the Taiwanese aborigines policy.

研究结果发现随著解严后从「威权—民主」的政治转型过程，政府推动一连串政治改革，台湾政治进入自由化、民主化与族群化时期，各类选举也牵动政党政治的发展，改变台湾政党政治的型态，同时政治自由化均降低了人民表达其意识形态、观念、理想的成本，因而促成原住民族运动在内的政治、社会运动风潮，原住民运动历经从原住民社会运动到原住民族运动到各民族的主体重建运动等历程，就是在这样的政治发展情势与原住民族运动压力下，多元文化主义的原住民族政策就成为台湾原住民族政策的新方向。

It is the product of highly developed social economy and the inexorable trend of developed social politics .

政治结构的专门化分工是政治现代化的一个重要内容，它是社会经济高度发展的产物，是社会政治发展的必然趋势。

This is, for China and other multiracial countries, very positive and may give some solutions for the future. In the introduction there is an explanation of the reason why I choose this title and also the questions about Switzerland in the field of present research and the meaning of those researches. The first part describes the formation of the community of Switzerland, and there I define the word "community" and the peculiarity of each member of this community, the time the Swiss people take to build this community. The second part describes this formation with more details like geographical problem, language differences, the psychological pugnacity for liberty, the practical art of neutrality and the freedom for religious behavior. Those themes prove the formation of the Swiss community. The third part contains the following topics: the international position of Switzerland and its stability, the balance of economic production, the foundation of the Swiss government and the charm of its feature. For those topics I use the economic, political and cultural angle.

全文分为瑞士多民族社会的形成，在这一部分中重点介绍了民族和民族共同体的界定，瑞士各民族的地理分布及主要特征，瑞士民族共同体形成的历史时间断限，在这一部分中特别提出了民族共同体的概念，为全文的行文打下一个概念基础；在瑞士民族共同体形成的表现部分中，共分为语言和地域差别问题的消弭，崇尚独立自由的心理素质的确立，中立外交政策的奉行，宗教多元化的制衡等几个小的部分，四个部分平衡并立，共同来论证瑞士民族共同体的表现；在瑞士民族共同体诞生的原因中，共分为以下几个部分，有瑞士特殊的国际地位与多民族社会的稳定，平衡发达的经济及其吸引力，多元政治体制的建构和灿烂文化和性格的魅力，也就是从政治、经济和文化三个角度对这个问题进行了阐述；在现代瑞士多民族社会问题部分中，有如下几个部分瑞士的外来人口在瑞士国家的生活状况，外来人口融合中的困难，以及瑞士民族共同体中其他的一些社会问题，主要探讨的是瑞士社会中的外国人的生活状况，以及在融合和同化的过程中的成功经验以及给整个瑞士社会带来的几个突出的社会问题；最后是对现代瑞士多民族社会问题的思考，也就是从和睦性，认同感以及民族平等政策三个角度中进行的分析。

Their contradictive attitude relates to the special social and political background of Taiwan that is in political turning period.

台湾青年矛盾的社会政治心态与政治转型期台湾特殊的社会政治背景相联系。

By study of Confucian c lassics and the new bureaucrat selection system based on it,the leading power in social order is brought into the feudal royal political power structure.In the political cooperation relationship between central power and the local social or der which was built through a kind of culture flavour,the biggest beneficiary un doubtedly are the leader stratum,who have traditional culture and economic power .

通过经学以及以此为基础的新的官僚选拔体系，社会秩序中的领袖力量被纳入皇朝的政治权力结构之中，由经学这样一种明显具有文化传统色彩的政治通道而建构起的皇朝与地方社会秩序的政治合作关系中，其最大的受益者，无疑是那些有着文化传统和经济势力的地方社会的领袖阶层，即地方豪族。

This article around the political and economic social development analyzes and introspects the intrinsic profound relation with comparison, and unify the illustration that the Contemporary China politics and construction promote the grow of state economic society, to attempt to elaborate the importance of the authority, the order and the vitality in constructing of the political validity,, and further verifies the middle axle principle role that the political validity plays in the national development, thus , from the political validity construction which promotes country growth and social development, to verifie the achievement which the China reform and open policy more than 30 for years obtained is the fact that the effective politics create effective development.

本文通过分析政治与经济社会发展的内在深刻联系和反思比较两者的关系，并结合当代中国政治建设促进国家经济社会成长的例证，试图阐述在建构政治有效性当中权威、秩序和活力的重要性，并据此进一步探明政治有效性在国家发展当中所起到的中轴原理作用，从而印证中国改革开放三十多年来所取得的成就从政治有效性建构促进国家成长和社会发展的层面上来说就是有效政治创造有效发展的事实。

In domestic politics: Make it clear that the political leadership of the CPC is a world-creating movement with the creation of the non-possessive new civilization and new life as its goal. It does not represent any interest group to participate in competitions for interests with other interest groups, nor does it create or maintain the social environment for fair competition for different interest groups as the administrator of a state or society. Even less does the CPC seek the exclusive political dominance for itself or monopolize national political and economic interests.

在国内政治方面：明确中国共产党的政治领导是创建以非占有的新文明和新生活为政治目标的创世运动，不是代表哪个利益集团与其他利益集团进行利益竞争，也不是作为一个国家和社会的管理者，创造和维护社会中各种利益集团进行公平竞争的社会环境，更不是为中国共产党自身谋求政治的独占统治地位和独享国家政治、经济的利益。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新