社会思潮

Secondly, as to the fact that prevalence of pudicity worship and uprushing of anti-Confucian is collateral in the dynasty, this paper analyses their expressing forms and causes, and concludes that they are "falling at first and rising in the end" and "lower at first and higher in the end".

其次，又针对明代社会中，贞节观盛行和反礼教思潮涌动这一矛盾事物并存现象，分析它们表现形式及产生原因，揭示出明代妇女地位&前降后升&、&前低后高&的特点。

From society culture trend, symbolism comes to china with decadence and mysticism; from poetics point of view, the influence on modern Chinese poets is symbolisms taste and thinking mode.

其一，象征主义的引入是一种综合性的渗透，从社会文化思潮着眼，象征主义是与世纪末的颓废主义和神秘主义一起传入的，从诗学角度上看，是象征诗艺在思维方式和审美感受层面对中国作家的具体的影响。

The current dissertation has made a comprehensive study of Skinnerian Model with methodology of academic history by recounting Skinners academic career, sorting out Skinnerian Model system, analyzing social and academic backgrounds, and discussing its academic impact from the debates it has aroused in the academic circle and its practice.

首先从施坚雅的学术生涯入手，叙述了其研究活动，接着系统梳理了施坚雅模式的理论体系；然后分析了施坚雅模式的学术借鉴、理论特点和研究方法；再分析了施坚雅模式得以出现的社会背景和学术思潮；最后又从学术界对施坚雅模式的争论和实践两方面讨论了它的学术影响。

Eventually,it was in the 1930s and1940s,an era of saving our nation from extinction,and in the Liberated Area ofChina,a special governmental territory predominated by class struggle,that itviolently grew a remarkable culture and literature picture characteristic of revanchism.

以民族主义、启蒙主义、&阶级斗争&理论等激进政治文化思潮为依托，这一在&血&与&火&的时代政治现实刺激下，一直不绝如缕地发展着的肯定性复仇价值观，终于在上个世纪三四十年代--一个外敌入侵，抗争情绪高涨的救亡时代、一个特殊的政治区域--&阶级斗争&成为社会生活主要内容的解放区中，激化、汇聚成了一道引人注目的复仇主义文学／文化景观。

Apart all these, I also analyses the feminism thought against the social political backgrounds of late Qing dynasty and its relations with the female nihilists.

同时，考察近代中国知识者对手段与目的间的矛盾之认识，探讨他们在善的目的和恶的手段之间所作取舍的伦理道德和价值取向。分析女虚无党人与晚清社会、政治及思想格局中的女权思潮的关系。

The study leads us to unveil one essential historical fact: as an aesthetic and literary movement, romanticism (either in the English or in the Chinese context) is virtually a product of the so-called project of modernity; however, conditioned by different cultural, social and historical specificities, the romantic movements in the English context and the Chinese context respectively display a different two-sidedness.

通过这种比较研究我们发现了一个基本的历史事实：作为一种文学和美学运动的浪漫主义无论是在东西方语境中都是以主体性原则的确立为核心的现代性工程的产物；但是在现代性工程这一宏大的历史背景之下，中英两国的浪漫主义思潮又因其各自具体的文化、社会和历史等因素的影响和制约而分别呈现出了各自独具特色的两面性。

The new humanism is an active conservatism cultural trend in the 1920s in the United States, and its essence is that human achieve individual moral self-improvement and fight against modern society's excessive Self-expansion and moral degeneration through the learning of classical tradition.

新人文主义是20世纪20年代活跃在美国思想界的一股保守主义文化思潮，其实质是希望通过对传统古典人文精神的学习，来实现个体道德上的自我完善，以抗击现代性社会无度的自我扩张与道德上的堕落。

It advances the green- peace political thought in international politics.

绿色和平主义是一种新兴的政治思潮和社会运动，在国际政治领域，它提出绿色和平政治思想。

Cultural studies of scientific knowledge is a new researchmode which is different from its social studies.

科学知识的文化研究是与科学知识的社会研究不同的一种新的科学研究思潮。

The rise of Italian opera seria in the eighteenth century is due to the requirement of society, politics and culture, to the spring up trends of thought of New-classical literature and thought of Arcadia, and to the go together of persons with ability of music and literature.

18世纪的意大利正歌剧是在社会政治、文化生活的要求下，在新古典主义文学思潮和阿卡狄亚学会的推动下，在音乐人才和文学人才聚集的作用下兴盛起来的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。