社会思潮

By the late Qing dynasty, great changes took place in charity thought in terms of social function of the charity, the way of upbringing, the almsman and the organization.

随着社会由传统向近代转变，西方慈善组织与救助观念以及各种社会思潮的不断传入，晚清慈善思想在慈善组织的社会功能，教养方式以及救助对象和机构设立等方面产生许多非传统因素。

In writing, it manage the thinking from the influence of social thought when literature theory is the cental, and it try to find the point of thought about the influence and to discuss it processly, when social thought have been discussed and its character were emphasized .

在论文写作过程中，围绕清末民初文学观这个中心，以思潮的影响为红线组织材料，在勾勒思潮大体面貌的同时，突出其精神内核和思想特色，紧扣社会思潮可能对文学观产生影响的思想点，进行逐层论述。

He criticized the school of historical materialism with the magazine modern history that he held at his own expense. He maintained that the historical evolutionism understood by Hegelists was not periodic cycle and the comtism was linear evolutionism.

随着国民革命的开展，社会思潮由关注人生问题转向社会问题，朱谦之也开始研究社会法则问题，1926年出版了我国第一本以《历史哲学》为题的书，提山以孔德三阶段法则划分文化史的观点，但柏格森的生命哲学还是他思想的根底。

Ethos exists in the various fields and aspects of social life. It has an important impact on the development of society and people's production and life.

社会思潮存在于社会生活的各个领域和各个方面，对社会发展和人们的生产生活有着重要的影响。

It is in fact a stream of ultra_Right which is impelling political Right_deviationism in Japan.

新民族主义思潮的泛起是日本当前社会思潮变化的主要特征。

The whole thesis is divided into nine chapters, its first six chapters focus on the analyses of terrorism, then the last three chapters turn to studying a new thinking of international cooperation against terrorism On the analyses of the part of terrorism with the first three chapters, I define terrorism as follows: Terrorism is a kind of action or thought in which it is the intentional use of, or threat to use ruleless violence or technical methods against civilians or against civilian targets, in order to attain political aims. What differs from other scholars' definitions is that the definition proposed states that terrorism is not only a political violence, but also a social trend of thought.

在前六章的对"恐怖主义"的分析上，本文提出了有别于他人的恐怖主义定义："使用或主张使用无规则的暴力或技术手段，或是袭击平民和或是袭击公用设施，以图达到政治目的的一种行为与社会思潮"，认定恐怖主义不仅是一种政治暴力行为，更是一种社会思潮；还对自杀性恐怖主义、恐怖主义的类型和划分、恐怖主义的历史与发展历程、恐怖主义形成的机理及理论解释等论题进行了较系统的理论探索，分析了伊斯兰原教旨主义与恐怖主义的关系；而且，还根据论文作者本人在国外调研掌握到的大量翔实的第一手资料，揭示了境外"东突"恐怖分子是"国际恐怖主义的一部分"的本来面目，并分析和预测了它们未来的发展趋势，提出了中国反对东突恐怖势力的若干建议。

This dissertation aims to make double reconnaissance concerning about social thought and historiography, propounding a new view for historiography study during this peiord, being thence constructive to deepening understanding of contents and trajectory of historicai studies's evloution.

晚清社会思潮同晚清史学之间存在十分密切的关系，一方面社会思潮对史学具有巨大的推动作用，另一方面史学又是反映社会思潮发展、演变的重要载体。本课题将晚清社会思潮与史学作双向考察，为这一时期的史学研究提供新的视角，从而有利千深化对史学演进的内容和轨迹的认识。

Reform and opening-up advances the economic development of China, and at the same time, the western value and thoughts found the port of entry. This paper analyzes the current ethoses of democratic socialism, neoliberalism, historical nihilism and universal value that greatly affect China, and appeals to us for insisting in Marxism and using Marxist position, viewpoint and method to study these ethoses and establish the socialist core values.

改革开放促进了我国经济的发展，但同时，西方价值观和各种思潮乘虚而入，就目前对我国影响最大的民主社会主义思潮、新自由主义思潮、历史虚无主义思潮和普世价值观等西方社会思潮进行了深刻的剖析，并要求我们坚持马克思主义，用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法去分析和研究这些思潮，确立社会主义核心价值观。

Then, it witnessed a short and capricious renascence under the independent minded Muhammad 'Ali Pasha (1805-48) followed by a period of vacillation between conservatism and modernization that is still with us.

接下来，它目睹了在思想独立的默罕默德阿里·帕沙（1805年—1848年）统治下短暂的、反复更迭的复兴阶段，其后是社会思潮在保守和维新之间游弋不定的一段时期，这种思潮今天依然伴随着我们。

Then, it witnessed a short and capricious renascence under the independent minded Muhammad 'Ali Pasha (1805-48) followed by a period of vacillation between conservatism and modernization that is still with us.

接下来，它目睹了在思想独立的Muhammad 'Ali Pasha（1805年-1848年）统治下短暂、反复更迭的复兴阶段，其后是社会思潮在保守和维新之间游移不定的一段时期，这种思潮今天依然伴随著我们。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。