社会学科

The discipline structure was formed in the reform of college in the early years of the new nation, and was made to the comprehensive adjustment in "the Great Leap Forward". Although it has suffered the significant setback at "the Great Cultural Revolution", finally it realized the historic surmount after the reform and open policy , and it alleviates the disconformity between the discipline structure and the development of economic society in certain degree. However, the discipline the scale blind expansion of the discipline, the slow development of emerging and the interdisciplinary studies, the disadvantage discipline environment and so on exist .All those could not adapt the current comprehensive construction of the well-off society and harmonious social request.

建国初期的院系调整中我国的学科结构初步形成，并在"大跃进"时期进行了全面调整，虽然在"文化大革命"中遭受了重大挫折，但最终在改革开放后实现了历史性跨越，使我国的学科结构与经济社会发展不相适应的状况得到了一定程度的改善，但是仍存在学科规模盲目扩张、新兴和交叉学科发展缓慢，学科环境不优与缺乏学科文化底蕴等问题，不能适应当前我国全面建设小康社会及构建和谐社会的要求。

Building and development of the local disciplines features and characteristics of the Chinese mainland female sociology; fields in a show of self-existence and value of establishing their own independent status to the international community to provide a mainland China's experience in the construction disciplines gender in the context of globalization process an important part of sex.

建设和发展具有本学科特征和本土特征的中国大陆女性社会学；在学科领域展现一种自我的存在与价值，确立自己的独立地位，向国际社会提供一种中国大陆的学科建设经验，是社会性别全球化背景过程中性别的重要内容。

If social differentiation is the actural foundation that can make social consciousness attribute in order to make psychology transter from the field of natural science to the field of social science, the studying of objects, method and theoretical system in pyschology should be founded again.

以社会差别为意识社会属性产生的现实基础实现心理学从自然科学领域向社会科学领域的转变，就要重新确定心理学的研究对象、研究方法和理论体系，心理学便由此而获得社会科学之基础学科和社会科学之独立学科的地位和定性，成为21世纪社会科学的带头学科。

The reanalysis of the rule whether a natural person can be sentenced to death penalty in a unit criminal case according to the deterrence hypothesis;5. the reanalysis in the view from economics of the double-penalty system in a unit crime by the rule of effectiveness, and the rationality of applying liberty-penalty to a judiciary party;6. the punishing rule applied to the co-crime of natural person and judicial party by the rule of local balance.

第一部分，法经济学的本质—效率和公正浑然一体，是全文的理论基础，主要将法学和经济学各自具有的不同原则(即法学的公正原则和经济学的效率原则)进行了大致介绍，同时从两大学科对社会生活的本质研究的一致性(即均是研究社会权益配置的合理性)来分析两大学科是如何达到相融，从而形成法经济学这门交叉学科的必然性。

The investigation was set off in two levels:first,it points out that we can't continue to use Chinese traditional literary comments simply because contemporary society has more objective factors than Chinese ancient society in the changing of knowledge's formation,detouring of value and steering of cr...

第一个层面，指出由于当代社会比之于中国古代社会有着知识转型、价值转轨和创作转向的客观因素，我们不能简单沿用中国传统文论；第二个层面，在承认前述分析的前提下，论述重建中国传统文论的言说论域的必要性和可行性。总之，中国文论的学科建设，不能固守陈规，同时也不能离开中国传统文论的学科资源。未来的中国文论学科工作，将会围绕这样一种两难情形作出适当的调适。

I think the studies on the learning society in all fields cannot evite the value problem by analyzing the actuality of value study on the learning society at present. The value of the learning society can be only appeared in some subjects, and it has not be roundly studied.

通过对目前学习化社会价值的研究现状进行分析，认为任何学科领域中关于学习化社会的研究都没有绕开价值问题，学习化社会的价值仅仅是从不同学科研究领域中所反映出来的，尚未进行过全面系统的研究。

The problems in the building and development of Chinese landscape architecture discipline are analyzed in terms of the development status, the discipline connotation, the academic and social positions, the research orientation, the foregoers and teams, the innovation capability, the cultivation of graduate students, and the equipments and platform building of the discipline.

从风景园林学科的发展现状、学科内涵、学术和社会地位及其学科研究方向、学科带头人与学术队伍、科技创新能力、研究生培养、装备条件与平台建设等方面，深入分析了我国风景园林学科建设与发展中存在的问题，提出了我国风景园林学科建设的思路和对策。

Professor Chen Fan, Chief Professor of Innovation Institute of Philosophy and Social Science for Science, Technology and Soclety, Respcnsible Professor of Research Direction for Science, Technology, Engineering and Societyin Innovation Institute of Philosophy and Social Science for STS, Director of Research Center for Philosophy of Science and Technology, Vice-Dean of College of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University.

陈凡 科技与社会创新基地首席教授，科技、工程与社会研究方向责任教授，现任东北大学文法学院副院长，国家重点学科——科学技术哲学研究中心主任，兼任国务院学位委员会哲学学科评议组成员，中国自然辩证法研究会副理事长，技术哲学学会理事长，科学技术与社会学会理事长，国务院政府特殊津贴获得者，教育部&985工程&科技与社会哲学社会科学创新基地首席教授，博士生导师。

The first subject to the advertising industry on the environmental background of the current study based on reality, and from the spread of the evolution process of the media environment, audiences shape the evolution of the process of market and economic environment and national policy guidance as well as the social environment and the evolution of the process of public opinion, etc. discussed the ecological environment of the advertising industry on advertising exerts a subtle influence theory, is intended to combine the social environment through the development of the industry and actual cases to observe and verify Advertising thinking theory to make it too heavy at this more closer to its guiding the nature of the role of the characteristics of the formation and perfection of the development of China's national conditions in line with the theory, the consolidation of personnel training in the advertising industry advertising the basis of academic theory-building status, and further guidance on the practice of China's advertising industry.

本课题先就以广告业当下的环境背景等现实研究依据出发，从传播、媒介环境的演化进程，受众市场形态的演化进程、经济环境和国家政策的导向以及社会环境和舆论的演化进程等方面，探讨了广告业的生态环境对广告学学科理论潜移默化地影响，意在通过结合社会环境和实际业界发展的案例观察和思考中验证广告学学科理论，使其在此过重中更接近它指导作用的本质特征，形成和完善符合中国国情的发展理论，巩固广告业界人才培育中广告学学科理论建设的基础性地位，并进一步指导中国的广告产业实践。

From the view of basic theory and science, technology science and engineering technology, fire science and fire protection engineering are an integrated knowledge system of fire science, fire technology and fire engineering, which are composed of seven sub disciplines, including fire science, fire prevention engineering, fire suppression engineering, fire management engineering, fire command engineering, fire caus...

火灾科学与消防工程学是一门以火灾发生与发展规律及其预防与扑救技术为研究对象的新兴交叉性学科。其具备火灾学、消防技术和消防工程所形成的完整知识体系；其下属的子学科包括火灾学、防火工程、灭火工程、消防管理工程、灭火指挥工程、火灾原因调查技术及其他相关学科。大力开展火灾科学与消防工程学科体系领域的研究，推进消防科学技术学科建设，是社会进步与科技发展的必然，也是加入WTO后保证经济国际化发展的客观要求。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。