社会学科

Sociobiology has become one of the greatest scientific controversies of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, especially in the context of explaining human behavior.

在20世纪末和21世纪初，社会生物学成为最有争议的学科之一，特别是在解释人类行为的背景方面。

The topics do not pursue the stricture and integrity of the theory system.

课程模块的内容以专题的形式展开，不刻意追求学科理论体系的严密性、完整性，而是关注学生的生活、现代社会和科技发展的联系。

As a new programme of science studies, the sociology of scientific knowledge has been a vigorous subdiscipline since the ea...

科学知识社会学是科学的社会研究中最活跃的分支学科，80年代以来在编史学、哲学、社会学和其他社会科学领域产生了广泛影响。

As a new programme of science studies, the sociology of scientific knowledge has been a vigorous subdiscipline since the early 1980s, which has become increasingly influential both within the history and philosophy of science and in sociology and social science more generally.

科学知识社会学是科学的社会研究中最活跃的分支学科，80年代以来在编史学、哲学、社会学和其他社会科学领域产生了广泛影响。

The thought of philosophers or thinkers is preserved among not only their workes, but also in the folk behaviour, ritual, belief, and idea, so that the study of the history of the Chinese social thought, as a subdiscipline of sociology should be carried out in the field, not in a study.

哲学家或思想家的思想不仅保留在他们的著作里，同样保留在民间日常行为、仪式、信仰和观念里面，因而社会学领域内的分支学科"社会思想"研究应该进入田野，而不是蜷缩在文献里阐释。

Summarily, the applicability of polymer science was an essential driving force in the development of the discipline.

因此，可以说，高分子科学自身所具有的应用性，成为推动它发展的最直接、也最根本的动因，也是使它在中国社会中的遭遇有别与其他自然科学学科的关键所在。

But in the 60s of 20th century, economy, education and other aspects of society began to show some pessimistic sign of crisis.

但到了20世纪60年代，经济、教育等社会各个方面都开始显露出盛极而将衰的预兆，比较教育也面临着学科体系与实践价值的危机。

The aims of disaster study and risk study are tent to unanimousness, both will offer the theoretical basis for sustainable development models. Regional safety construction based on disaster study is converting into regional risk management system based on risk study. So the authors consider that sustainable development model is the regional development model under a certain risk level, and the risk level relies on the regional safety construction level that integrates the regional economic level and social cultural system. Strengthening subject construction of disaster and risk study in China, national laboratory construction, and organization and practice of key items are imperative. And we should put the study emphasis on the vulnerability assessment system and models, risk assessment system and models, disaster and risk management mode of typical region, disaster and risk emergency control scenario, disaster and risk regions.

灾害与风险研究的目标正在趋向一致，都集中在为可持续发展模式提供科学依据；基于灾害研究的区域安全建设正在向基于风险研究的区域风险管理体系转变，由此认为可持续发展模式就是接受一定风险水平条件下的区域发展模式，一定风险水平依赖于由区域经济水平与社会文化体系相关联的区域安全建设水平；加强我国灾害与风险科学研究的学科建设、国家实验室建设、重大项目的组织与实施已势在必行；重点开展灾害脆弱性评价体系与评价模型、风险评价体系与风险评价模型、典型区域灾害与风险管理范式、灾害与风险应急控制预案、灾害与风险区划等方面的研究。

The dissertation considers that there is an inner relationship between various elements of e- ducology and a given culture, which produces"the culturalcharacter of educology". Educational problems have factual bases, but their nature should be considered as subjectivity, valuableness, and historicity, which distinguish educational problems from educational facts and related prob- lems of other disciplines. Besides having a logical feature of scientific concepts, the nature of edu- cational concepts should be considered as historicity, normativity, valuableness and expressivity. Educological activity is a kind of subjective activity. The subjects of educology are not only the subjects of knowledge, but also the subjects of value and practice. Educological works are products of their whole soul life, which embody their life and social ideals.

本文阐明，教育学活动的诸要素与一定的文化之间存在着内在的关联，具有文化特征，构成教育学的文化性格：教育问题有它客观的事实基础，但是教育问题的质是它的主观性、价值性、历史性，这是教育问题与教育事实以及相关学科问题的分界线；教育概念除了一般科学概念所具有的逻辑特性以外，在质上是一类历史性、规范性、价值性与表达性的概念；教育学活动是一种主体的活动，这种主体在活动中不仅是认识的主体，更是价值的主体和实践的主体，因此，教育学著作是他们整个心灵生活的结晶，体现着他们的人生和社会理想。

Technical innovation involves the many subject such as economy, management, administration, society, it is the knowledge that company application innovates and new technology, new technology, use new producer form and management pattern, improve product quality, development produces new product, provide new service, hold the market and realize vendibility.

技术创新涉及到经济、治理、行政、社会等多个学科，它是企业应用创新的知识和新技术、新工艺，采用新的生产方式和经营治理模式，提高产品质量，开发生产新的产品，提供新的服务，占据市场并实现市场价值。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。