社会学的

Through the knowledge of the urban societies, this case study puts the New Caoya Urban Squatter Settlements back in the Story of the urbanization and the housing policy, discuss its historic and social formation, breaks the public opinion's prejudice, puts in light the ill-assorted sharing of the country resources and the unequal development of the cities.At the same time, this research introduces the formation and the structure of the New Caoya Urban Squatter Settlements - it comes at first from the urban development bringing a need of workers, the population migrates massively from the countryside to the city, the study shows more clearly the bad regulation of the housing policy. In the time, the authorities, to relieve the tension of the consumption, let the Squatter Settlements form. With the evolution of the urbanization, it became a choice of extra housing. Today the New Caoya Squatter Settlements play still an important role among the low incomes families.

本研究透过都市社会学认识论的仲介，将新草衙违建聚落放回到都市发展与住宅政策的历史脉络中，探讨新草衙违建聚落的形成历史及其社会过程，破除社会大众对新草衙违建聚落边缘性的偏见，还原新草衙违建聚落背后所隐含的国家资源分配不均及城乡发展不均衡等意涵，同时透过新草衙违建聚落的研究，指出新草衙都市违建聚落的形构，首先由都市产业发展带动劳工需求，乡村大量人口涌进都市，进而为都市土地住宅政策调节失当所深化，而当时国家或都市当局为缓和都市集体消费问题的压力，默许放纵此违建聚落的形成，而随著都市发展的演变，作为非正式部门住宅服务的特殊形态，新草衙违建聚落至今仍担任著提供中低收入住宅的重要功能。

You will understand what I mean by COMPLEXITYby noting these three aspects. Firstly, it refers tothe complexity in form. When CAD becameinvolved in the design process Architect's wereenabled with a higher level of control over evermore complex geometry. Consequently it canand will generate infinite possibilities in the futurefor form finding, which has shifted in emphasis asa more logical design process based onsystematic theories away from intuitive designtechniques. Secondly, it illustrates our growingsocial complexity. As technologies allow peopleto send and receive more information than before,in ever shorter time frames, the function ofarchitecture and urban space will increasinglybecoming ambiguous. Emergent, adaptive andtransformable spaces are replacing limitedfunction spaces gradually. Even a single spacewould afford more potential functions. Lastly, Iam referring to the complexity of collective design team organizations working on different projects.The fact is that our social work division is moreintricate and variegated today; Architects mustby necessity negotiate with governmentalauthorities, material suppliers, engineeringconsultants, quantity surveyor, contractors,planning authorities, landscape architects, interiordesigners, acoustical engineers, et cetera besidesjust our clients. Meanwhile, projects and designteams tend now to be a globally dispersednetwork. All of these things are challenging theconventional architectural practice, it'sorganization, and administration significantly.

Complex可以从3个层面上理解：首先是指设计形式上的复杂性，即引入计算机数字化技术后，建筑师可以设计和控制更高级、更复杂的几何形体，而不是简单地发挥计算机复制、粘贴的画图优势，让计算机真正参与到设计过程中，带来更多设计形式上的可能性（需要指出的是，这种形式上的演进已经从开始的直觉行为转成由系统理论指导的理性应用）；第二，是指与社会学相关的复杂性，科技让人们更多更快地接受和传递信息，建筑和城市空间的功能性变得越来越模糊，无法预知，随时间调整自身、不断变化的空间正在不自觉地逐步取代原有功能确定的传统空间，或者说一个空间要承受比以前晰释复杂性ARTICULATING COMPLEXITY多得多的功能要求；最后，是指在一个建筑方案内团队组织的复杂性，社会分工越来越详尽，建筑师要面对的除了甲方和使用者，还有政府权力部门、材料供应商、工程技术部门、合同签约顾问、城市规划部门、景观设计师、室内设计师、音响设计师等等相关的合作单位，同时，在项目和设计职员的地域分布上更趋向全球化，这些都带给建筑事务所内部管理和组织上前所未有的复杂性。

This article tries to analyze the depth and breadth of Chinese modern national character research in theoretical perspective; The theoretical visual angle it chosen is a kind of cultural comparing research macroscopic threshold;"The Chinese question" globalization goes through the historical perpetual flow; Standing on such dynamic platform, this article reveals multi-dimensionality meanings of cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology, politics and ethnology which the question refers to, and analyzes the thinking course of modern people seeking conscious liberation; It resets the national character question into the space which Chinese modern national politic salvation and culture enlightenment exist in to prove the national character's social value; Furthermore, it opens up and develops the profoundly influencing inertia, which is implicated in the generation's considering, inheriting, criticizing and innovating, thereby it gains some enlightenment of persons modernization through regressively examining.

文章力图对中国近代国民性问题研究的深度与广度进行理论透视，其选择的理论视角是一种文化比较研究的宏观界阈，站在&中国问题&逐步世界化这一贯通绵延历史长河的动态平台上，揭示中国近代国民性问题指涉的文化人类学、社会学、心理学、政治学、民族学的多维意蕴，透视近代国人寻求主体自觉解放的心路历程，将其还置于中国近代民族政治救亡和思想文化启蒙的生存空间中来求证其本寓的社会价值，并拓衍其代际省思、承继、批判以至创新所寓意的深远影响惯性，在逆向审视中获取人的现代化的某些启示。

She expresses her literary gist to reveal, criticizes and remoulds the shortcomings of human nature by literarily exploring the functional relationship between doctors and patients, and that of disease and therapy, which are the most basic ones in the complicated medical system.

毕淑敏以作家和医生的双重视角关注写作对象，从生理、心理、伦理、道德多层面全方位地透视人生；她锁定医学题材，以文学化的&医学&的内容及其叙事表现独树一帜；她以从容淡定的口吻冷静地阐释&生&与&死&的主题和宏大的人文关怀，并以日臻成熟的创作跨越了单一的社会学视角，上升到对生存价值的追问和生命意义的思考上，使作品获得了哲学意义和审美意义上的超越；她借医生与患者以及疾病与治疗这两类复杂的医学体系中最基本的功能关系的文学化的开掘，寄托和表达揭示人性弱点，批判和改造的文学主旨；她给医学裹上了文学的外衣，以医学的&冷&和文学的&热&来打造人物的性格，把沉重的医学话题和艰深、晦涩的医学术语以文学的笔法写得轻松、幽默、好看。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失