社会学的

Not only were they to maintain order, prevent crime, and protect life and property, but historically they were also to fight fires, suppress vice, assist in health services, supervise elections, direct traffic, inspect buildings, and locate truants and runaways.

早期的学术兴趣是在政治科学家和社会学家中发展起来的，他们一般只研究他们自己当代的问题而对过去的问题只是偶尔带过。甚至公众似乎也仅仅在犯罪浪潮、明目张胆的贪污或特别的恐怖事件发生时才关心。

By investigating Bernal"s politics of science, we abandon the narrow study on science (evolving to be scientific metrology). At this time, overlooking Bernal"s theory, we find that his idea is deep-sighted and systematic, which is worthy of our attention and study. It is helpful for us to come out the practical dilemma of political controlling of science. In order to get out of the practical dilemma of J.D.

整合贝尔纳没有范式的科学社会学和包罗万象的科学学思想，对他的科学政治学思想进行研究，使我们站在一个新的高度对贝尔纳进行俯瞰，发现他的思想深邃而系统，具有很强的借鉴意义，有利于我们走出政治调控科学的实践困境。

In the theoretical research, the structures, functions, and the bilateral adaptions between higher education structures and the need of social development ,and the process of creation and evolution of level and field structure of higher education in most western and eastern world, ancient and modern times are discussed.

综合运用了高等教育基本理论、系统科学、社会学、经济学、历史学、数理统计学的研究方法，对高等教育层次和科类结构问题进行了跨学科的理论研究；同时借用数理统计学的基本方法，通过对二战以后到现阶段50年间世界上42个不同国家的历史数据的收集、整理、统计、分析，进行了系统、深入的实证性研究。

Through a comprehensive review of the relevant theoretical studies and articles in both China and abroad and employing the relevant theories in such studies of regional economics, urban geography, economics and sociology and such methodologies as comparative analysis, empirical analysis, inductions and deductions and a combination of theories and practices, this dissertation intends to present against the status quo of Qindao's urbanization an overall and systematic analysis of the history, characteristics and existing problems of the city's urbanization to build up a scientific platform for the development of and innovations in the city's urbanization process to give suggestions related thereto.

本文通过对国内外相关理论研究及文献的综合分析，运用区域经济学、城市地理学、经济学、社会学等学科的相关理论，采用比较分析、实证分析、归纳演绎及理论实践相结合等方法，结合青岛城市化发展现状，对青岛城市化发展的历程、特点及存在的问题进行了全面系统的分析，为青岛城市化发展与创新提供了科学的依据，从而进一步提出了青岛城市化发展的对策。

The thesis attempts to roughly sketch broad outline of the development of self-theory in the history of western philosophy, tries to make clear the history position of Meads self-theory, so that we can research how Mead revealed the connotation of his self-theory from the perspective of society and how he brought about its sociological turn in the field of pragmatism.

文章试图粗线条地勾勒出西方哲学史中自我理论发展的大致轮廓，弄清米德的自我理论所处的历史方位，进而探讨在实用主义哲学视域中，米德如何从社会的角度展现自我理论的内涵并实现其社会学转向的。

Value is that human being exercises the what be run after basic target, the value having no equal to fetches various activities carried out by people face, many ways need living and developing since sports is able to satisfy human society, What it displays is that the sports small side door teleonomy and organic agreeing well with regularity ask ask us for help on kind basis combining with being real in the demand.

本文从哲学、社会学、经济学、文化学、管理学等视角，对拟研究的问题进行较广泛、深入的探讨。主要运用文献综述、逻辑分析等研究方法，对拟研究的问题进行分析论证。这样的一种探讨和论证，既不是纯粹意义上的思辨，也不是现有理论成果的堆积，而应该是体育学科领域理论与实践相结合的另一种尝试。

By applying the methods of national musicology, this work analyzes and dissects the birth, development, prosperity and tatus quo of "Cantonese Music" from the visions of history, sociology and folklore.

本文从历史学、社会学、民俗学等视角，运用民族音乐学的方法，分析、解剖&广东音乐&的产生、发展、繁荣状况，挖掘&广东音乐&作为近代民间乐种所独具的文化性格和艺术精神，进而，从中窥视近代沿海音乐文化的形成、发展、兴盛的脉络和嬗变轨迹，从而获得规律性的认识。

This paper, linking theory with practice, puts ideological and political education and sociology, psychology, vocational guidance together, and studies the life conduction of college students by using all kinds of methods, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis trying to assist them to self-understand, to establish their goals in life, to design and plan their future career, family, to regulate their own mentality, and identify ways to achieve their goals in their life journey.

本文采用理论联系实际的研究方法，把思想政治教育和社会学、心理学、职业指导等学科有机结合，运用归纳与演绎、分析与综合相结合的方法，对高职生的人生经营这一课题做了一些研究与探索，试图帮助高职生认识自我、确立人生目标，设计规划自己未来的职业、家庭，调节自己的心态，找准实现人生目标的方法与途径，引领他们的人生航程。

Peacock and theory of Talcott Parsons, the Latent Pattern-Maintenance（Cultural-Motivational System） of the AGIL schema.

Peacock所强调的&整体论&和Talcott Parsons所提出的AGIL理论之一的潜在模式维持的概念，采用了人类学、社会学、土壤学、社会心理学、传播学理论及其研究法解释支持捡骨重葬行为背后的死的传统理念模式。

Analyzed from sociology and human capital theory, it is thought that in the process of social transformation, restricted by the traditional concept of gender, the impact of role differences and physical characteristics of women, as well as the negative effects that education discrimination brought to female cultural quality, women are in a state of "natural" disadvantage and employment gender discrimination comes into being.

在分析原因时，本文从社会学和人力资本理论出发，认为在社会转型过程中，受传统的性别观念和角色差异的影响以及女性生理特征的限制，加之教育歧视给女性文化素质带来的负面效应，一方面使女性在社会中处于&天然&的不利地位，另一方面也导致就业中性别歧视现象的存在。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失