社会学的

Thirty-two tears later, with the hindsight of historical perspective and a life of practicing social research on cities, the answer is: yes, there was; no, there is currently not; but perhaps, with luck, it will resurge in the twenty-first century, with new concepts, new methods, and new themes, because it is more necessary than ever to make sense of our lives.

三十二年后，现在回过头来看这段亲身对於城市的社会研究的参与经验，答案是：有，不过是以前有；没有，现在没有；但是，如果幸运点，会在廿一世纪复活，发展一些新的概念，新的研究方法，以及新的主题，因为都市社会学对於我们对生活的理解比过去更显必要。

In order, then, to increase the probability HERE that I might find something interesting and useful to say sociologically about the brain, I am going to reduce social life to interaction rituals and interaction ritual chains.

那么，为了增加谈论的确定概率，我在这里将寻找一些有趣的和由帮助的事情以谈及关于大脑的社会学，我将把社会生活缩减为'相互作用的宗教'以及'相互作用的宗教链条'）。

Needham 's legacy, then, is twofold: first, his stress on the scientism of the West's ethnoscience and the humanism in China's ethnoscience; and second, his stress on the value of love, understood sociologically as the principle of cooperation and community.

那么，李约瑟的思想遗产，是双重的：首先他强调西方民族的科学的科学至上主义，以及中国民族科学的人文主义；其次，他强调爱的价值，将社会学理解为合作和共同体的原则。

H. Freyer, as Philosopher and Sociologist, and the first Bearer of the German professorship for Sociology in Leipzig, keeps the mind that the notion of "Ideal Type" is "a logical peculiarity of historical and cultural cognition" and "oversees the contrast of personal and general methods of thinking, on one hand, by defining the logical character in individual, and on the other, by progressing on the way to generalization only till showing the typicalness and not the pure general rule".

每小时弗里尔，作为哲学家和社会学家，以及对社会学教授在德国莱比锡首次承载，保持了记，"理想类型"的概念是"一种历史和文化的认知逻辑的特殊性"和"监督对比个人和一般方法的思考，一方面，通过定义个别逻辑性，另一方面，通过这样的概括工作进展只有到显示典型性，而不是单纯的一般规则"。

This exhibition attempts to embark in an art institution from an internal survey of art ecology. Unlike the customary emphasis on visuality of a single artwork,"Glass Factory" utilizes a way of working similar to sociology and statistics to install and complete the presentation of art pieces."Glass" reminds us of the existence of "viewing", whereas its transparency could lead us to nowhere. Despite of that, we are moving closer to a practical approach that may unveil the nature of glass.

我们需要一种新的审视方式来寻找这些现象背后的话语，所以，这个展览选择从生态的内部考察开始进入艺术机制，和以往强调单件作品的视觉性不同，"玻璃工厂"选择类似社会学和统计学的工作方式来完成和展示作品，"玻璃"强调了观看，而其透明性也许让我们一无所获，但是，起码我们在努力寻找着一种可行的方法来看到玻璃的实质。

Zhang dongsun reflected the relation between scientific knowledge and human being from biology of knowledge, axiological philosophy and sociology of knowledge.

张东荪从知识的生物学、价值哲学以及知识社会学等层次上反思科学知识与人的存在之间的关联；冯友兰以理性、觉解来理解、规定人性，已经从原则上把科学知识纳入到人性中；冯契在实践基础上把认识世界与认识自己、发展自己统一起来，把科学活动作为成就自己的一个环节，这就从存在论上找到了科学知识与人的存在间的亲缘关系。

It can be predicted that the development of taekwondo in China has been in a favorable circumstances. On the other hand, we should realize that there are some problems and defects in the development of taekwondo. With the method of documentary compilement, logistics, interviews and mathematical statistics, this article make a detailed analysis on the roots,statement and problems of the taekwondo rapid development in China. Form two aspects of athletics taekwondo and mass taekwondo, the author makes the deep study and search for feasible countermeasures, proposals and theory basis for the healthy, orderly, sustainable and virtuous development of taekwondo in China.

本文旨在通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对影响我国跆拳道运动的发展的社会学因素、目前我国开展的情况及存在的若干问题进行分析，从竞技跆拳道和大众跆拳道两方面着手进行深入研究并寻找对策方案，为今后能更好的推动跆拳道运动在我国健康，有序的发展提出建议，为我国跆拳道运动可持续发展提供理论依据，以形成我国跆拳道运动发展的良性循环。

I begin by recalling Dennis Wrong's 1961 complaint about an "over-socialized conception of man in modern sociology"--a conception of people as overwhelmingly sensitive to the opinions of others and hence obedient to the dictates of consensually developed systems of norms and values, internalized through socialization, so that obedience is not perceived as a burden.

我将从批判Dennis Wrong的《现代社会学中人类过度社会化的概念》中的「过度社会化」开始——「过度社会化」指人对於其他人的舆论具有压倒一切的敏感性，因而服从从共识中发展起来并通过社会化内化的规范和价值体系的支配，所以服从并不被视为一种负担。

On the study of the group of sculptresses, the thesis mainly analyzes the art achievements from the three points: creation commonness, creation individuality and feminie quality in a particular historical context and in a social background in order to give a clear reflection of the development of the group\'s art creation. The first chapter introduces the general situation and the formation of the group, and gives the general features.

对于这个女雕塑家群体的研究，本文试图把这个群体现象放在特定历史语境中进行考察，主要从女雕塑家群体的艺术创作共性、创作个性和女性品质这三个方面作为切入点对女雕塑家群体的艺术创作进行分析，并结合社会学层面上的各种因素作为问题研究的参照背景，来反映这个群体的艺术成长和发展过程。

Synthesizing some study fruits of population migration and different research methods, it also brings forward a interdisciplinary theory perspective for the study of migration behavior from such four levels as the conception hypothesis, inchoation, context and time dimension of migration behavior.

社会理论中，理解的功能是回答为什么存在这样一种关系的问题。充分的理解需要整合不同的分析层次。关于分析层次，林得伯格[2]-[3]提出了学科的&分析首位&的概念：理论首位和分析首位。他认为，在社会学和微观经济学中，分析首位在宏观层次，而理论首位在微观层次。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失