社会学

The atomistic individualism of the post-Montesquieu French Enlightenment blocked the development of a genuinely sociological concept of society.

孟德斯鸠以后的法国启蒙运动的原子论的个人主义妨碍了真正社会学的社会观的发展。

The atomistic individualism of the post-Montesquieu French Enlightenment blocked the development of a genu ly sociological concept of society.

孟德斯鸠以后的法国启蒙运动的原子论的个人主义妨碍了真正社会学的社会观的发展。

Zhang dongsun reflected the relation between scientific knowledge and human being from biology of knowledge, axiological philosophy and sociology of knowledge.

张东荪从知识的生物学、价值哲学以及知识社会学等层次上反思科学知识与人的存在之间的关联；冯友兰以理性、觉解来理解、规定人性，已经从原则上把科学知识纳入到人性中；冯契在实践基础上把认识世界与认识自己、发展自己统一起来，把科学活动作为成就自己的一个环节，这就从存在论上找到了科学知识与人的存在间的亲缘关系。

This paper chiefly treats of the subject, content and significance in the researches of this science and points out that it is a manifestation in geography of the process of modern science unification that the behavioristic interaction in psychology and sociology is introduced into geography so that tbe relationship between the human and the terre is transferred to that between tne sub...

本文着重对这门学科的研究对象、内容和意义进行探讨，指出把心理学和社会学的感应行为概念引入地理学，使地理学所研究的人地关系，触及到主体和客体的关系，而感应和行为地理学正是现代科学这一整体化过程在地理学中的体现。

In this article, literature concerning recent researches on school - bulling harm and intervention strategy with psychology and sociology perspective from both home and abroad is reviewed.

该文从心理学和社会学角度出发，对近期国内外校园欺负问题的危害及干预策略的研究进展作了回顾。

Based on the analysis of the sociological theories in thewestern countries,this chapter arrives at the conclusionthat the opposition as shown in social interests is thesocial interests is conflict determines the chane in thepenalty-crime relationship,that the conflict of interests inby nature the conflict of regulations and rules,and that thesocial function of the penalty-crime relationship is theassimilation of regulations and rules.

通过对当代西方社会学理论的分析，阐述了社会利益的对立在刑事法律上的表现就是刑罪关系，利益冲突性质的变化决定刑罪关系的变化；利益冲突在法律上表现为规范冲突，刑罪关系的社会功能是同化规范；刑罪关系通过对规范原则多元化的整合，实现刑法的工具性和功利性。

It can be predicted that the development of taekwondo in China has been in a favorable circumstances. On the other hand, we should realize that there are some problems and defects in the development of taekwondo. With the method of documentary compilement, logistics, interviews and mathematical statistics, this article make a detailed analysis on the roots,statement and problems of the taekwondo rapid development in China. Form two aspects of athletics taekwondo and mass taekwondo, the author makes the deep study and search for feasible countermeasures, proposals and theory basis for the healthy, orderly, sustainable and virtuous development of taekwondo in China.

本文旨在通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对影响我国跆拳道运动的发展的社会学因素、目前我国开展的情况及存在的若干问题进行分析，从竞技跆拳道和大众跆拳道两方面着手进行深入研究并寻找对策方案，为今后能更好的推动跆拳道运动在我国健康，有序的发展提出建议，为我国跆拳道运动可持续发展提供理论依据，以形成我国跆拳道运动发展的良性循环。

I begin by recalling Dennis Wrong's 1961 complaint about an "over-socialized conception of man in modern sociology"--a conception of people as overwhelmingly sensitive to the opinions of others and hence obedient to the dictates of consensually developed systems of norms and values, internalized through socialization, so that obedience is not perceived as a burden.

我将从批判Dennis Wrong的《现代社会学中人类过度社会化的概念》中的「过度社会化」开始——「过度社会化」指人对於其他人的舆论具有压倒一切的敏感性，因而服从从共识中发展起来并通过社会化内化的规范和价值体系的支配，所以服从并不被视为一种负担。

Chapter Two reviews former researches on this subject and puts forward the perspective of the writer. Specifically, abroad researches are reflected from sociological, psychological and economical points of view whereas attention is paid to domestic statements in 30s and 80s in the 20th century. Contrastingly, this study pays attention to the influential factors for the formation of prospect in an uncertain situation from socio-psychological, especially socio-cognitive psychological perspective.

第二章则通过回顾对这一问题的相关研究，提出自己的研究视角，具体地说，对国外的研究分别从社会学、心理学和经济学三个方面进行回顾，国内则主要是20世纪三、四十年代的一些论述以及八十年代以后的一些研究，而本研究的视角是从社会心理学尤其是社会认知心理学的角度出发，考察不确定性情景下预期形成的影响因素。

Chapter Two reviews former researches on this subject and puts forward the perspective of the writer. Specifically, abroad researches are reflected from sociological, psychological and economical points of view whereas attention is paid to domestic statements in 30s and 80s in the 20th century. Contrastingly, this study pays attention to the influential factors for the formation of prospect in an uncertain situation from socio-psychological, especially socio-cognitive psychological perspective. Chapter Three deals with the direct association of psychological prospect and the choice of action pattern.

第二章则通过回顾对这一问题的相关研究，提出自己的研究视角，具体地说，对国外的研究分别从社会学、心理学和经济学三个方面进行回顾，国内则主要是20世纪三、四十年代的一些论述以及八十年代以后的一些研究，而本研究的视角是从社会心理学尤其是社会认知心理学的角度出发，考察不确定性情景下预期形成的影响因素。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。