社会团体

Since mid-1990s, a debate has been developing between those who believe that Chinese associations should be studied in terms of civil society and those whose investigations have led them to believe that almost all associational life in China is state corporatist in nature.

20世纪90年代中期以来学术界展开了一场争论：一派认为，应该用公民社会概念来研究中国团体；另一派通过调查研究认为，中国几乎所有团体的生活在本质上是国家组合主义。

Each year since 1995, the Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft - now known as InWEnt - Capacity Building International - organizes an annual conference focused on issues of sustainable development that are of particular relevance to the private ….

社会责任投资落基山会议是美国社会责任投资行业的年度聚会。社会责任投资落基山会议是为来自各地富有激情和创造力的社会责任投资团体制造接触和互相交流机会的一个专业会议。。。。。

Religion deals with the nature of life and death, the creation of the universe, the origin of society and groups within the society, the relationship of individuals and groups to one another, and relation of humankind to nature.

宗教处理生活的本质和死亡、宇宙万物，社会中社会和团体的起源，个体之间和团体之间的关系，人与自然的关系。

After decades of experiments, Social Identity Theory concludes: the identity of individuals or groups will lead to in-group favoritism and out-group hostility.

在几十年的实验过程中，社会身份理论得出了一个普遍性的结论，即：个人或群体总是会更偏向于内团体而排斥外团体。

According to SIT, we could make the following hypotheses on the social behavior of a state: the state will favor in-group countries, take win-win strategy with the group it identifies, and be prone to cooperation in bilateral relations; the state will take non-zero-sum strategy with out-group countries and choose partially participation and cooperation; for the out-group countries with high hostility, the state will take zero-sum strategy, and choose non-cooperation or conflict.

根据社会身份理论，我们对国家的社会行为提出了如下假设：国家会更偏向于内团体国家，对于自己所认同的国家集团会从双赢的思维出发，选择积极合作的战略；对于外团体国家，一般会从非零和的思维出发，在双边事务中选择部分的参与和合作；而对于敌对性较高的外团体国家，一般会从零和的思维出发，在战略上选择不合作或冲突。

Ideology refers to the way a society or community perceives, recognizes, and believes the surrounding environments and self-existence.

意识形态是一个社会或团体成员对周围环境世界及自身存在的一套感觉、认知和信仰体系，它反映了一个社会或团体的价值取向和利益取向。

The calamities were so serious that people were in great need of social relief because of being destitute and homeless. To accommodate wartime relief, the Guangdong provincial government, cooperated with civil charity institution, built up a feasible and efficient social relief system. That is, the social relief work was responsible by the standing and concurrent organization and the temporary specific organization of the Guangdong provincial government, cooperated by official organizations and civil charity groups financed by government allocation, social donation and self-raised funds and so on. Many kinds of facilities were put up for social relief.

适应战时救济工作的需要，广东省政府与民间慈善机构相互配合，形成了一套现实可行又较有效率的社会救济体系，即社会救济工作由广东省政府的常设兼管机构和临时性专职管理机构负责，由政府派出的官方组织和民间慈善救济团体共同参与，通过政府拨款、社会各界捐款和自筹资金等多渠道筹措资金，设置多种救济设施来进行社会救济上作。

We are capable of accumulating and expanding the social capital by developing human's mutual act by constituting humans mutual trust and by promoting social unconstraint organization or unconstraint act.

社会伦理规范的合理建构，社会人际关系的良性互动，社会志愿活动东自主团体的积极运作，这些都是积累和扩张伦理意义的社会资本的有效途径。

However, the labor-developing history backgrounds in United Kingdom and Germany are completely different. Because of the more widespread tradition of voluntarism, the workplace-based confrontation and uncompulsory arbitrations brought the British industrial relations to be criticized. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, social-economic Germany established the institutions of Co-determination and Collective Bargaining. There are agreements of voluntary negotiations between the social partners and are not determined by legal enactments or any other form of state interference. On the other hand, the organized work councils in workplaces represent the interests of employees and prove able to promote a high degree of social integration.

然而，英国与德国劳资互动的发展历史背景是截然不同的，英国长久以来以自愿主义为首的行事风格、以工作场所做为首要的抗争重地和独特的政府非威权式的处理劳资争议为其劳资关系中的三个特点，另一方面战后德国建立起「共同决定」与「团体自主权」的制度，工会与雇主团体於工资等条件展开自发性的谈判，而另一方面劳工也可以参与公司的营运与工作，这个制度对於劳资之间的对话、沟通及维护社会稳定起了很大的作用，德国得以在二次战后迅速发展成为欧洲重工业大国，并发展社会市场经济。

It introduces the further exploration on this thought that new Durkheimism does, summarizes the characteristics of the social integration view of Emile Durkheim's "corporation", elaborates the limitations of the "corporation" in some aspects, which include the question of fettering individual, the question of benefit representative, the question of tenseness with the nation, the question of approval of members in community.

介绍了新涂尔干主义对这一思想的进一步探索，总结了涂尔干法人团体社会整合观的特征，论述了法人团体在对个体束缚问题、利益代表性问题、与国家的张力问题、成员群体认同问题等方面存在的缺欠。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。