社会

So analyzing the main problems of the present returning persons serving sentences, finding the causes of returning persons influencing social stability and inharmoniousness, further discussing the protective basic factors, expoliring the ways and methods of fostering returning persons' adaption ability, we can prevent their committing crimes again and promote society's harmonious development.

因此，认真分析当前服刑回归人员在社会上的主要问题，找准服刑回归人员影响社会稳定与社会不和谐的原因、进一步探讨服刑人员回归社会保护所应具备的基本要件、在理论与实践上探索培养服刑人员回归社会适应能力的途径与方法，会有效预防重新犯罪、促进社会和谐发展。

With the proceeding of modern cognitive psychology and implicit memory, there"s a intergradation between social psychology and cognitive psychology, a new subject named implicit social cognition is then set up. It emphasizes the process of social cognition and mental processing in social context. As the importance of attitude in social cognition, the study of implicit attitude is currently the necessary issue to be resolved.There"re two sections in this dissertation.

随着现代认知心理学和内隐记忆研究的兴起，社会心理学和认知心理学出现了融合的趋势，形成了对内隐社会认知研究的探讨，注重对社会认知过程及个体在社会环境中的心理加工过程，基于态度在社会认知中的重要作用，内隐态度的研究成为目前内隐社会认知研究的前沿问题。

The analytical approach/tool of MultipleScale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism, proposed by Mario Giampietro,Kozo Mayumi, et al., based on the congruence among resource "Human Activities", resource "Exosomatic Energy Flows", and "Added Value Flows" in the hierarchical socioeconomic systems, using, in an integrated way, incommensurable variables referring to nonequivalent descriptive domains(coming from various scientific disciplines) and data gathered at distinct hierarchical levels, addresses the various relevant dimensions of societal development and sustainability.

社会代谢多尺度综合评估"分析方法，根据"人类活动"资源、"体外能"资源和"增加值三者在社会经济系统中的叠合关系，将各个尺度（如国家、经济部门、次级部门、省/州、社区、直至个别家庭）上，社会经济系统的能量代谢过程，与该系统的经济、人口（如人口的年龄结构和性别构成）、生态和社会（如义务教育和退休年龄的规定）特征结合起来，利用多个关系式，计算出社会经济系统的人类活动量、体外能投入量、劳动生产率、生物—经济压力和体外能超循环强度等参数、指标，进而综合地分析评估社会经济系统发展与可持续性。

At first, defined the goal and principle of the graduates unemployment security system; Then by compared the unemployment insurance system and unemployment social salvation system, points out that now establishing the graduates unemployment insurance system is not advisable; from reviewing other countries'experience and our country's actual graduates employment policies, unemployment social salvation system is necessary and possible .At last conclude that such a basic-incorporate graduates unemployment security system should be set up: the government salvation as the base, incorporate the existing employment policies, social salvation and social participancy etc, ensure the unemployed man's living, at the same time develop employment salvation service just like careers guidance training service and so on, the government, the college and graduate individuals should undertake these responsibility together ,and it should be supported by the whole social forces.

大学生失业已经成为一个社会问题，它增加了巨大的潜在社会压力与社会成本，影响社会的稳定；失业保障制度作为一种被动的失业治理政策有其存在的理论基础；政府与社会是大学生失业问题的责任主体，政府公共管理责任与政府战略选择，就自然应竭力减少大学生失业对社会长期发展的威胁，而我国现行失业治理机制在大学生失业保障方面严重缺失；比较而言，目前很多国家都已具备较成熟的青年及大学生失业保障体系，因此必然要求我国尽快建立起大学生失业保障制度体系。

In theory, for social justice is important to individuals and society, the study of it can help cope with the social basic system construction, coordinate the relationship between social development and individual freedom; standardize the social system, purpose, principle and behavior of social domination; it can help balance dominating order, individual freedom and the indignity; it can help reflect and animadvert the individual ancl social relationship; it also can help reconstruct it under the basis of reality.

从理论上看，社会正义是关系个人与社会关系的重大问题，研究社会正义有利于正确处理社会基本制度的建构与国家社会发展目标及个人的自由与发展等目标的协调，有利于对社会制度、社会统治的目的、原则及其行为等进行规范，有利于在维护国家的统治秩序和个体的自由与尊严之间达成某种平衡，有利于对个人与社会关系进行理性反思与批判，有利于在现实基础上对社会正义进行重新建构。

It is evolved in certain social structure and follows some cultural norms, with belief and mutual benefit as its main content and social network as the carrier. Through promoting the moral value system of reciprocal cooperation among citizens, it drives forward the development of the third department and public organization, improves the awareness of social rule and order, help the diversification of channels to reach certain social status, hence push the construction of democratic politics.

以信任互社会资本视角下的当代中国民主政治建设惠等社会公德为主要内容、以社会网络为载体、在一定社会结构中生成运作并遵循特定的文化价值规范的社会资本，通过促使公民生成互惠合作的道德品质、促使第三部门和民众自组织的发展、促使公民规则与秩序意识的提升、促使社会地位获得途径的多元化而推动着民主政治建设。

In the long history of transportation, combined with self development characteristic and the need of order, the management regularity had been developed in the activity of nongovernmental water transportation to make all kinds of transportation activities in order. The social processing condition in order and regular was not only the reflection of characteristic of low society in the history of development of china(or non-government organization),but also relied on government representative's controlling all levels of society and on maintaining of social order.

在长期的运输活动中，民间水上运输活动结合自身发展特点及对秩序的需求而建立起相应的管理规则，使各类运输活动进入有序状态；这种秩序与规则结合的社会运行状态既是中国社会发展历史上底层社会或曰民间社会自组织特点的反映，同时也离不开官府代表统治阶级实行对各级社会的控制及对社会秩序的维护。

In order to keep its self-existence, every society will draw support from the power of the social authority and specify the social member's behavior by social regulation to achieve the ordered status of social life and form the basis of social stability and development.

任何社会为维持自身的存在，都要通过社会权威的力量，依照社会规则规范社会成员的行为，以实现社会生活的秩序状态，并以此构成社会稳定和发展的基础。

This text makes the basic theories problem of the related society security as the studying point of departure, and clarifies the theories foundation of the society security tax, and through drawing lessons from the international social advanced experience, combined actual circumstance of our country, clarifies the necessity and possibility to lay the social security tax in the our country, and on the foundation of the first step design of the basic frame of the social security tax, further puts forward to need to be adopted of related integration in laying social security tax .

本文以相关社会保障基本理论问题为研究起点，阐明了社会保障税的理论依据，通过借鉴国际社会的先进经验并结合我国的实际情况，阐明在我国开征社会保障税的必要性与可能性，并在对社会保障税税制基本构架进行初步设计的基础上，进一步提出了需要采取的与开征社会保障税相关的配套措施。

This chapter studies the connotation of western civil society and its evolution from classic to modern and contemporary, from which we can know western civil society undergoes a process from integration, dichotomy to trisection, with which the concept of civil society changes. Therefore, we can conclude the connotation and characteristics of civil society. The concept of civil society is also suitable to Chinese context and it is the actual theoretical grasp of the new social structure elements which are brought by the social transformation.

本章研究西方公民社会内涵及其理论从古典到现代再到当代的演变，揭示了西方的社会结构经历了一个从一体到两分再到三分的过程，在此基础上总结出本文所研究的公民社会的内涵及其特征，论证了公民社会概念在中国语境下同样具有适用性，是对社会转型所催生的新的社会结构要素的准确理论把握。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。