社会

The main components consist of network,cluster of norms,values and expectancies that are shared by group members,and sanctions-punishments and rewards that help to maintain norms and network.The levels of analysis includes micro-level,meso-level and macro-level.The sub-types of social capital include bonding sub-type,bridging sub-type and linking sub-type.Based on the brief introduction to the conception and the main dimensions,the author gives a commentary summary of the research...更多 progress of the relationship between social capital and economic growth,environment impact,then illustrates the mechanism of social capital promoting economic growth and influencing environment,analyzes the relationship between the social capital and the adaptative ability,and briefly introduces the framework of understanding and studying the interaction and inter-influence between the social system and the key resource.

本文阐释了社会资本概念，分析了社会资本的主要成分、分析层次及主要类型等维度，指出社会资本的主要成分包括网络、规范、制裁，分析层次包括个体、中观、宏观，主要类型包括结合型、沟通型、联系型；在此基础上，梳理总结了社会资本与经济增长及环境影响关系的国际研究进展，阐释了社会资本促进经济增长、影响生态环境的作用机理，分析了社会资本与适应能力的关系，简要介绍了国际上理解和研究社会系统与关键资源之间的相互作用和影响的思想框架。

Present regional social security project, such as rural endowment insurance,rural medical insurance only covered less than 10% of the people in the countryside, the society succors, gives special care to finding a room for and social welfare are all very limited, it is far to meet the urgent need of the rural society, other questions such as ensuring area to be narrow, ensuring competence to be low ,ensuring function bad,manage system lag behind , and the further development be effected by the dualistic economic system, poor rural economic level, bad consciousness of rural residents, imperfect domanial system, the difficulty in collecting the capital ,running environment are restrained,etc.

然而我国农村到目前为止，还没有形成一套完整的农村社会保障体系，各种社会保障项目，如农村社会养老保险、农村社会医疗保险只覆盖了不到10%的农村人口，社会救助、优抚安置和社会福利都非常有限，远远满足不了农村社会的迫切需要，而且还存在着诸如保障面窄、保障水平低、保障功能差、管理体制落后等问题，本文正是针对这些问题进行分析。

Because of the deviation, the society became a one-dimensional society, man became a one-dimensional man.it"s same to the politics, thought and culture. Marcuse critiqued it fierily. He thought that the man in this society would lose his individuality, independence power as well as the inner revolution and negativity against the social control and manipulation. They would be " industrial civilization slave" and "one-dimensional man" freely and numbly, succumbing to society polities" need. Politics became one-dimensional without opposition.

由这种的分离，社会发生异化，社会变成了单向度社会，病态社会，人成了单向度人，政治、思想、文化也都变成了单向度的政治、思想、文化，基于此，马尔库塞对之进行了猛烈抨击，认为人在这样一个社会中失去了自己的个性，失去了自主力，失去了对社会控制与操纵的内在反抗性、否定性，舒舒服服地成为&工业文明的奴隶&，成为屈从社会政治需要而又麻木地自感幸福的&单向度的人&，政治成了没有政治反对派的单向度政治。

This paper consists of 7 chapters. Chapter one: illustrates the background, purpose and meaning of this study; the relevant studies on abroad and in domestic alike and the method and flow of thought of this study. Chapter two: clears the definition, pattern and principle of SPCSAFI, demonstrates the characteristics, functions and meanings of SPCSAFI. Chapter three: analogizes the situation will faced to SPCSAFI. Chapter four: points out the management pattern of SPCSAFI. Chapter five: explores the running mode of SPCSAFI. Chapter six: establishes the evaluating mode of SPCSAFI. Chapter seven: offers the effective tactics to promote the development of SPCSAFI.

本文共七章：第一章阐述了研究的背景、目的和意义，国内外相关研究的动态以及本研究的思路与方法；第二章界定了农林院校大学生社会实践的概念、类型和原则，阐述了农林院校大学生社会实践的特点、功能和意义；第三章分析了农林院校大学生社会实践面临的形势；第四章提出了农林院校大学生社会实践管理模式；第五章探索了农林院校大学生社会实践的运行模式；第六章建立了农林院校大学生社会实践的评价模式；第七章提出了促进农林院校大学生社会实践发展的有效对策。

There is a brief introduction about the development of western just view in Chapter one, among them it is a key about understanding of the social just concept and value judgment, which create the academic background for the just dispute of Rolls and Nozick, promise that will explain next at the same time; Chapter two in this text should explain emphatically, through the two theory frame exposition and comparative analysis, we can draw the conclusion that the essential of the dispute focuses on the value judgment of social justice, that is to say , it is the understanding to right " question ; It is the investigation of social background aboutthe dispute mainly in Chapter three, this shows , the thinking essences of any social justice are all demanded by the reform to the unreasonable social current situations , and this kind of reform often needs implementing to the system or system aspect, therefore the thinking to the theory needs putting in the specific social environment, only through this can we make the accurate judgment ; Begin from chapter four, it is the practical problem that the full text needs solved, namely the unjust problem existing in the transitional country. By probing into the reference meaning of just ideas between Roils and Nozick, and build up foreshadowing for the system of the last chapter; The last chapter, the corresponding solution has be put forward aimed at the origin of the unjust phenomenon that our society make the transition, namely under the background of system innovation, we should structure the scientific management mode, and realize from "good policy " to the basic " good at managing .

第一章简要的介绍了西方正义观的演变过程，其中关于社会正义概念的理解和价值判断是个关键，同时也是为接下来要阐述的罗尔斯、诺齐克正义观的争论创设一个理论的背景；第二章是本文要着重阐述的环节，通过对两者理论框架的阐述和比较分析，得出两者争论的根本还是社会正义的价值判断上，也就是对于&权利&问题的理解；第三章的设置主要对两者争论的社会背景的考察，由此可以看出，任何社会正义的思考实质都是对不合理的社会现状的改革诉求，而这种改革往往需要落实到体制或制度层面，因而对于理论的思考也需要放在特定的社会环境中，才能做出准确的判断；从第四章开始，是全文需要解决的实际问题，即针对转型国家在转型中存在的非正义问题，探讨罗尔斯、诺齐克正义理念的借鉴意义，并为最后一章的制度架构做铺垫；全文最后一章，针对我国社会转型中的非正义现象的产生根源，提出了相应的解决办法，亦即在制度创新的背景下，构建科学管理模式，实现从&善政&到&善治&的根本转变。

Present regional social security project, if rural social endowment insurance, rural social medical insurance only covered less than 10% of the people in the countryside, the society succors, gives special care tofinding a room for and social welfare is all very limited, can"t far meet the urgent need of the rural society, exist such as ensure surface to be narrow ensuring competence to be low ensuring function bad , management system person who lag behind issuing, it develops such as the economic system of dual character and receives further, the rural economy is bad, peasant"s social security has bad consciousness, the land system is not perfected, influence of the obstacle factor that capital collection difficulty, running environment are restrained, etc.

目前区域性的社会保障项目，如农村社会养老保险、农村社会医疗保险只覆盖了少数农村人口，社会救助、优抚安置和社会福利都非常有限，远远满足不了农村社会的迫切需要，而且还存在着诸如保障面窄、保障水平低、保障功能差、管理体制落后等问题，其进一步发展还受到诸如二元经济体制、农村经济水平低、农民社会保障意识差、土地制度不完善、资金筹措困难、运行环境约束等障碍因素的影响。

social development and social civilization have an inevitable connection in nature.viewed from the angle or inherent unification of social system structure,civilized structure of society and society appraisal,civilized social sustainable development implys and requires:to build material civilization through handling properly the relationship between man and material,to build spiritual civilization through dealing rightly with the relationship among people,to build institutional civilization by boosting a rational relationship between man and society and to build ecological civilization by seting up sound relationship between man an nature.

摘 要：社会发展观与社会文明观具有必然的本质的联系。从社会系统结构、社会文明结构、社会评价结构内在统一的视觉看，社会可持续发展的文明意蕴和本质要求在于：在物质层面上，正确处理人与物的关系，坚持生产力尺度，建设物质文明；在精神层面上，正确处理人与人的关系，坚持人的发展尺度，建设精神文明；在制度层面上，正确处理人与社会的关系，坚持制度尺度，建设制度文明；在生态层面上，正确处理人与自然的关系，坚持环境尺度，建设生态文明。

Hence, the present paper turns to the investigation of the theory of systematic social structure from the systematic worldview on living. It shows that, although the theory of systematic social structure synthesizes the theoretical achievements of the above mentioned two social structures and establishes complete social structure theories, it cannot explain the conflicts between dignity systems of moral quality, culture, society and behavioral organism, as well as the conflicts between different countries and social systems.

作为逻辑的必然结果，论文对西方社会学社会结构理论的考察集中到了&交往社会结构观&上，&交往社会结构观&是从西方哲学的交往生活世界观看社会结构的，它虽然以沟通理性代替了常人方法的局部场景的权宜性，解决了人道主义和社会结构的相对确定性问题，但是，&交往社会结构观&又面临着无法解决&上手状态&的&交往生活世界&的独断论问题，无法解决&共识真理&向社会结构的现实性转换问题，无法解决&集体无意识问题&和&少数人真理问题&。

From the seal,half seal society transforms to the opening society,Transforms by the homogeneity sole society to the neterogeny diver sesociety,From ethics society to legal society,The countryside society's community structure,the system structure、the organizational structure、the benefit organization、the ideological structure all are plitted up gradually.

在改革开放和建设社会主义新农村的浪潮下，我国农村诸多领域发生着巨大的变化：从封闭、半封闭的社会向开放型社会转型；由同质单一型社会向异质多样型社会转型；从伦理社会向法理社会转型；农村社会的群体结构、体制结构、组织结构、利益机构、观念结构都在逐步分化。

Meanwhile, it p oints out the negative effects of alienation of science and technology and advocates establishing healthy science and technology development concept in the process of building of a harmonious society. Secondly, it introduces and uses technology foresight to build the scientific and technological innovation system , promote the coordinating development and effective operation between sub-systems , improve the operating efficiency of scientific and technological innovation system ,and support and protect the role of science and technology in building a harmonious society. Finally, taking food safety field in Qingdao as an example and making use of technology foresight to probe into the operation of scientific and technological innovation system in food safety, come up with strategies and measures of how to achieve the objectives of the scientific and technological development in food safety, speed up the building of a harmonious society.

文章首先对社会主义和谐社会生成逻辑、基本内涵的理论进行了梳理和总结，提出了科学技术对构建社会主义和谐社会的重要作用，分析了科学技术对和谐社会建设的经济、生态、人文价值，同时也指出了科技异化带来的负面影响，倡导在和谐社会的建设过程中树立健康的科技发展理念；其次，引入并借助技术预见这一战略管理工具，构建基于技术预见的和谐社会科技创新体系，促进各子系统协调发展、有效运行，提高科技创新体系的运行效率，支撑和保障科学技术对和谐社会建设的作用；最后，以青岛市食品安全为例，在食品安全领域中利用技术预见战略管理工具的作用，探讨了食品安全科技创新体系的运行，提出了实现食品安全科技发展目标的策略与措施，为和谐社会的建设提供了支撑和保障。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。