社会

With the observation and analysis of language, especially vocabulary, the most active and sensitive part of language, this paper probes into abundant sociocultural information implied by neology in modern Chinese language so as to describe and construct the social life view and social change modal in the current stage of social transformation.

通过对语言，特别是语言中最活跃敏感的部分－词汇－的观察和分析，去探究现代汉语新词背后所蕴涵的丰富社会文化信息，描绘和建构了当前社会转型期下的社会生活图景和社会变迁模式，这对于我们进一步把握社会发展的脉搏和方向具有重要的意义。

The historical subject of neoteric China was deciding the road of the social development.

选择社会发展道路是中国近现代的歷史主题，本文通过对近代中国在社会发展道路上所做出的茛辛探索进行梳理，係统地阐述了邓小平理论是对中国社会发展道路进行反思和调整的结果，有中国特色社会主义的提出解决了中国社会发展道路的模式；社会主义初级阶段理论，为目標实现设计了现实有效的实践机制；社会主义本质论，解决了中国社会发展的方向和动力机制问题。

On the new circumstance, how to fit in with the need of market-directed economy and society development. Social security has been by way of the basic method that coordinate the relationship of benefit about the country corporation person and between the high earnings layer and the poor layer on the job and the jobless in-service and the retirement the youngster and the oldster the health man and the patient the solider and the citizen, etc. We must promote something and abandon something to the traditional and ignorant social security model on the planned economy, form soundly the new social security system as soon as possible.

在新的条件下，如何适应市场经济和社会发展的需要，将社会保障作为调整国家、企业和个人之间利益关系及社会成员中高收入阶层与贫困阶层、在岗职工与失业者、劳动者与退休者、青壮年与年老者、健康者与疾患者、军人与群众之间利益关系的基本手段，对计划经济体制下传统落后的社会保障模式实行扬弃，尽快完善新的社会保障体系，已成为我国当前重大的理论与现实问题。

However, the social capital of modem China has many deficiencies like the unbalance of distributive location and the scarceness of such social capital as universal trust, rule and mutual-benefit, and citizen participation network.

然而，当下中国社会资本分布的非均衡性、普遍信任社会资本的短缺、规范互惠社会资本的亏空以及公民参与网络社会资本的缺失均极大地制约了社会和谐度的提高。

The minimum livelihood guarantee system for urban residents is to resolve social conflicts, maintain social stability, promote social equity, and ensure the economic reform smoothy.

城市居民最低生活保障制度是对传统社会救济制度的改革和发展，是建立和完善城市社会保障体系的重大步骤，它有利于化解社会矛盾、维护社会稳定、促进社会公平、保证经济体制改革的顺利进行。

Considering the distinction of social problems, the works of reportage on social problem can be divided into three categories, which are structural reportage on social problem, transitional reportage on social problem and aberrant reportage on social problem.

根据所反映的社会问题的不同，又可把社会问题报告文学作品大致分为三种类型：结构性社会问题报告文学、变迁性社会问题报告文学和越轨性社会问题报告文学。

In ancient times, civil society is a concept that corresponds to the natural state .However, in modern times, Western thinkers have begun to put forward a concept of civil society which is set up based on the dichotomy of state and society, and to the contemporary, the people also began to use the trichotomy of s...

在古代，公民社会是一个与自然状态相对应的概念，但到了近代，西方思想家开始提出一种建立在国家和社会二分法基础上的公民社会观，而在现代，人们又开始用国家—市场—社会三分法来代替国家和社会二分法，并在此基础上重新界定了公民社会的内涵。

Governments or officials are able to infringe or unfairly protect social human rights relying on power, it is the producer of human rights conflict between officials and citizens and inducer of mutual infringement of human rights leading to social conflicts; if social human rights are unintegrated, it is another kind of antagonism or conflict.

因为，政府或官员对社会人权可以依仗权力侵犯和不公正地维护，这就是制造官民人权冲突者，再是造成社会成员之间侵犯人权而致社会冲突叠起者，如社会人权不融合就是对抗或冲突；因此，社会各种矛盾或刑事犯罪会叠起，而随之反抗或冲突也会叠起，而终会造成害人人。

Although they commonly have lower income and live in below average housing conditions struggling to get a permanent residence in city, they do have relatively better psychological adaptation. This indicates that different purposes of getting into the city have different social adaptative influence to the new urban immigrants.

以往的对农民工的社会适应的研究并没有从性别差异的角度对男性劳动力移民和女性劳动力移民的社会适应进行研究，这些研究认为，农民工的社会适应表现为经济、社会、心理的依次递进的特点；而本研究认为，作为婚迁到城市的女性移民，她们的社会适应首先是从心理适应开始的。

To deal with various risks in the production of space,local governments have to cease the monopolization in land requisition and expropriation,and establish the balance of interests between correlative groups and national institutions in the circulation of lands.To deal with risks in the games of new society,local governments must adjust the systems and policies concerned,and avoid just scratching the surface of a problem.To deal with risks in reallocation of social resources and social administration concerned with policy output,many local governments already have material condition to effectively break them,and the key is to improve their administerial skills in policy making and implementation.To deal with risks in vicious competition between city governments in urbanization,which are actually the manifest of malfunction of market mechanism,local governments must put the centralization mechanism into full play,and strengthen the social check and balance mechanism,in order to effectively regulate market mechanism and realize the organic interactions between social units,democracy,and market.

要破解地方政府在空间生产中风险重重的局面，必须改变政府在土地征用征收上的独裁专断格局，完善土地流转中各个相关利益群体间的权利均衡以及国家机构间的权力均衡机制；地方政府在新型社会博弈中的风险，也需要相关制度与政策的调整，不能停留在治标不治本的层次；在社会资源再分配与社会管制等政策输出方面的风险，许多地方政府已经具备了有效化解的物质条件，主观上提高政策制定与执行的行政技能是解决此类问题的关键；我国城市政府在发展地方经济推进地方城镇化中的恶性竞争风险，本质上是市场机制失灵的一种表现，必须通过充分运用集权机制、强化社会制约机制从而有效规制市场机制，实现科层、民主、市场三种机制的良性对接，政府、社会、企业三种力量的有机互动，才能解决。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。