礼貌的

But bridle yours for a moment, because if join the cursers it will certainly justify my doubtfulness, and because you will decide for yourself whether the contrast makes sense between the polite Nipponese and the less polite Chinese, and sure enough, you have got to keep your eyes open for all kinds of discourteousness all round you.

不过，你先别骂，一是因为，你若骂街就正好证明我的怀疑是对的了，二是因为我们可以看看下文所说的中国人不够礼貌和日本人够礼貌的对比是否属实，还可以看看咱们周围的不礼貌现象。

In recognition of the universality of politeness , we must also recognize that the relative nature of politeness , that is , the standards that people used to determine politeness have diverseness .

要：礼貌是一种语用现象，这在语用学界已经成为人们的一种共识，礼貌通常被人们理解为说话人为了实现某一目的而采取的策略，比如增加或维护交际双方的和睦关系，在承认礼貌的普遍性的同时，还必须认识到礼貌的相对性，也就是说，人们用以判断礼貌的标准具有差异性。

Politeness is a pragmatic phenomenon, which has become a consensus in the academia of phrase using, politeness is usually been interpreted as a strategy to achieve some purpose, such as to increase or maintain the harmonious relations between the two sides. In recognition of the universality of politeness, we must also recognize that the relative nature of politeness, that is, the standards that people used to determine politeness have diverseness.

摘 要：礼貌是一种语用现象，这在语用学界已经成为人们的一种共识，礼貌通常被人们理解为说话人为了实现某一目的而采取的策略，比如增加或维护交际双方的和睦关系，在承认礼貌的普遍性的同时，还必须认识到礼貌的相对性，也就是说，人们用以判断礼貌的标准具有差异性。

Yet when individuals from different cultures practice politeness in talk-interaction, they are often influenced by their own distinctive culture and therefore study on indirectness just from the angle of politeness is not enough.

虽然礼貌在各种文化中具有普遍性，但礼貌的规约因文化不同而具有差异性，因此单从礼貌的角度来解释语言的间接性是不够的。

Good manners in one culture may be bad manners in another For example, most Mexicans will stand very close to the person they are talking to ,which is generall considered impolite in many other countries.

在一种文化里的好礼貌，在另一种文化里可能是没礼貌。比如，多数墨西哥人在和人家谈话时，总会站得十分靠近人家，而这样做，在许多别的国家通常是被认为不礼貌的。

The research reveals that linguistic politeness in arguments in American courts shares great similarities with that in Chinese courts; negative politeness strategies are most frequently employed by lawyers, followed by positive politeness strategies and off record strategies. It is also found that such linguistic means as hedge, impersonalize S and H, give reasons, give deference, rhetorical questions and include both S and H in the activity are most favored by Chinese and American lawyers.

中美律师在法庭辩论中最常用的是消极礼貌策略，其次是积极礼貌策略和非公开的礼貌策略；律师最常用的实现礼貌的语言形式依次是：模糊限制语、说话人和听话人非个人化、提供原因、表达尊重、设问以及把说话人和听话人都包括在同一项活动中等。

Iconically, there is direct association between utterance politeness and social distance, so the degree of utterance politeness is relatively high on scales with increase of social distance and linguistic signs from the static view of linguistic form.

话语礼貌与社会距离存在象似关系，社会距离增大，语符增多，话语礼貌程度相对较高，但这只是不考虑语境生成的作用，静止地从语言形式本身来判断礼貌的程度，因而在语言的具体使用过程中，要动态地考虑交际生成语境。

It is indeed the product of various countries' culture, so its application is determined by cultural factors. The paper can be divided into three parts, the first part reviews Leech politeness principle and it's advantage and disadvantage, then it discusses its cultural characteristics by using contrastive analysis method to analyze cultural origins and decisiveness of politeness principle. Then it explains cultural decisiveness of the politeness principle by introducing Chinese politeness criteria, Examples on vocatives, terms of humility and honorifics, taboos and euphemism are also given to further illustrate this point. Finally it proposes the conclusion: we should learn more about politeness principle and its cultural characteristics and raise people's consciousness on this issue so as to help people successfully in cross-cultural communication.

全文主要分为三部分，第一部分回顾了Leech的礼貌原则的内容并对礼貌原则的合理之处和不足之处进行了分析；然后采用了对比分析的方法，从礼貌的文化渊源和礼貌的文化决定性来讨论礼貌的文化特性；接着引入顾曰国的汉语礼貌准则，以及从称呼语、恭维自谦语、禁忌委婉语方面举例来说明礼貌原则具有文化决定性；最后提出结论：应对礼貌原则及其文化特性进行研究以此提高人们的跨文化意识，促进跨文化交际的顺利进行。

B polite act 有礼貌的表现: I recall his many polite nesses over the years .

我还记得他多年来很多有礼貌的事情。

You might tolerate the odd roadhog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the wellmannered motorist is the exception to the rule.

该句字面意思很简单，即&你可能会容忍怪异的、粗鲁无理、不替别人着想的司机，但是有礼貌的司机对于这个规则来说是个例外&，在此&the rule&指的是其前半句&You might tolerate the odd road hog， the rude and inconsiderate driver&乍一看似乎有些悖于常理，&不替别人着想的司机人们能容忍，而讲礼貌的司机，人们却不能容忍&，而实际上，人们不能容忍讲礼貌的司机是由于很少见到这种司机，也就是说讲礼貌的司机太少了，人们对那些粗鲁的司机已习以为常。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。