礼貌

The strategies of positive politeness include: noticing invitee"s condition, intensifying interest to invitee in inviter"s contribution, using in-group identity markers, seeking agreement in safe topics and repetition, asserting knowledge of invitees wants and indicating that inviter is taking account, offering and promising, and including both Inviter and Invitee in the activity.

正面礼貌策略包括：注意受邀者的情况，增强受邀者的兴趣，使用集团内部身份标记，寻求受邀者的同意，宣称知道受邀者的需要并表明邀请人考虑在内，提供并许诺，把受邀者和邀请人包括在内；负面礼貌策略包括：把对受邀者的强加降到最低，提供选择，使用尊敬语。

With the help of software SPSS, applying x~2-Chi-Square test on the collected data, this study comes up with the following major findings: 1 When criticizing, males" preferred strategies are bald-on-record strategy, and females" negative politeness strategy as head act. Both males and females prefer mitigator as supporting move.

本研究取得了如下发现： 1批评时，男性最常用公开礼貌策略，女性最常用消极礼貌策略作为话头语，男女性都常用缓和语作为支持话步。

Try to avoid using negative words, using complex sentences to express the differences Liqi courtesy of the principle of consensus guidelines should be made to try to narrow the gap on the differences between themselves and others, try to exaggerate the consistency of their own and others, in order to achieve the effect of courtesy.

尽量避免使用否定句，采用复合句表达分歧 Liqi在礼貌原则的一致准则中提出，要尽力缩小对自身和他人之间的分歧，尽力夸大对自身和他人的一致，以达到礼貌的效果。

At the beginning, the paper reviews the pragmatic studies of politeness carried out by the western and the Chinese scholars in the past thirty years or so.

文章一开始就回顾了过去三十年里中西方学者对礼貌进行的语用研究，然后从不同的角度对比分析了中英文化中的礼貌的相似性和差异性。

In fact, without being conscious of it, British people sometimes make offers purely out of politeness, not really expecting them to be accepted, and offers of this kind are refused with the same politeness.

实际上，人们没有意识到，英国人常常是出于礼貌而提供帮助，他们并不真的希望自己的提议被接受；当然，这样的提议也会以同样的礼貌被婉言谢绝。

The rammer highlights the fact that politeness is often relative to some norm of behavior for a particular setting, and the latter refers to the degree of politeness inherently associated with a speech act.

该夯突出的事实，礼貌往往是相对的一些规范的行为为某一设定，而后者是指以礼貌的程度在本质上与言语行为。

In western world, politeness lays focus on interpersonal equality and cooperation. In China, politeness owns four primary elements: respectfulness, modesty, attitude and refinement.

在西方世界，礼貌建立在人与人平等和合作基础之上，在中国，礼貌有四大基本元素：尊重，谦逊，态度和文雅。

It is even ruder to be a no show and not have called to let the person know you can't come .

对呀，不来就已经很不礼貌了，连个电话都不打，就更不礼貌了。

As Yu qiuyu said on TV, a polite person perhapse just make you feel stoniness careless, but a rude person with bad manner perhaps make you warm and happy, the thing make it happen is not the form but the heart.

像余秋雨在电视上说过的，礼貌的人可能让你觉得冷漠寒心，而粗鲁、不礼貌的人却可能让你心怀感动，真正感染人的不是形式而是心。

Being on time to an appointment or work is polite; being tardy is bad manners.

准时赴约或上班是有礼貌的；迟到是不礼貌的做法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。