礼貌

As a result of the rapid development of the study of cross-cultural communication, people are now getting more and more interested in investigating what politeness is and how to be polite in cross-cultural interactions.

随着跨文化交际研究的迅速发展，不同文化中礼貌的概念与内涵及在跨文化交际中如何做到礼貌的得体，越来越多地引起人们的关注。

As a result of the rapid development of the study of cross-cultural communication,people are now getting more and more interested in investigating what politeness is and how to be polite in cross.cultural interactions.

这些误解常常能导致交际失误乃至失败，因此，对礼貌现象，特别是在跨文化交际中英汉两种语言中所体现的礼貌现象进行对比研究是非常必要的。

Culpeper proposed the principles of impoliteness and a framework of its responses.

库尔佩珀针对礼貌原则提出了不礼貌原则及其回应框架用以分析冲突性话语。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。

In society, there are some language or linguistic expression is considered to be polite, while others were found to be discourteous.

在社会中，有一些语言或语言表达方式被认为是礼貌的，而另外一些则被认为是不礼貌的。

The two concepts of Power and Solidarity raised by Brown and Gilman have guided later researches on address in the western world.

礼貌现象是个普遍现象，但在什么是礼貌上，英语和汉语有不同的表现形式。

However, the principles of politeness are far from satisfactory in analyzing discourse of impoliteness.

然而，使用礼貌原则对违反礼貌原则的冲突性话语进行分析仍有不足之处。

We have to take notice of impoliteness when discussing politeness.

除了合乎常规的礼貌现象，还有不同于一般礼貌原则的现象。

Among them, the application of the Tact Maxim is specified in more detail from the aspect of mitigating the interrogee's criminal responsibility.

语料中的礼貌语言主要体现了礼貌原则中的得体原则，赞誉原则，一致原则和同情原则，其中作者从减轻被讯问者刑事责任的角度详细探讨了得体原则在警察讯问语言中的应用。

The interrogator adopts linguistic politeness to adapt to the social and mental world with the ultimate purpose of approaching points of satisfaction for his communicative needs-ensuring the legitimacy and the smooth or even favorable progress of police interrogation and encouraging or persuading the interrogee to make a confession, the two of which can actually be regarded as the functions of linguistic politeness in police interrogation.

讯问人员使用礼貌语言顺应社交世界和心理世界的最终目的是为了实现自己的交际目的：保障讯问的合法性、确保讯问顺利进行并向有利方向发展，鼓励或劝说被讯问者坦白。这两点同时也体现了礼貌语言的语用功能。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。