磷酸原

Since isolated and purified from Jack bean in 1919, concanavalin A has been used widely especially as an polyclonal mitogen. ConA can stimulate T lymphocytes blast, induce protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in human neutrophils and increase resistance of mice to peritoneal infection by Serratia marcescens.

ConA从1919年被分离纯化以来得到了广泛的应用，是一种有效的多克隆有丝分裂原，可刺激T淋巴细胞增殖及中性粒细胞酪氨酸磷酸化，增强小鼠对白色念珠菌的吞噬功能、对粘质沙雷菌的抵抗力。

As a direct consequence of the interdigitating filament model of the myofibril and the corresponding theory of muscular contraction put forward by H.

在肌小节长度超过8微米以后，三磷酸腺苷仍能引起肌原紆維的縮短，而且在肌小节拉长后出現的結构变化也是可逆的。

The patients were observed in serum total bilirubin, alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, r-glutamyltrans- peptidase peptidase, and prothrombin time the changes.

观察患者血清总胆红素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、-谷氨酰转肽酶、及凝血酶原时间的变化情况。

METHODS: In this study, we isolated rat pancreatic acini by collagenase digestion; measured the Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity of autophosphorylated form of the CaM kinase Ⅱ both before and after stimulation of the acini with muscarinic secretagogue bethanechol.

用胶原水解酶法分离大鼠胰腺腺泡，并检测乌拉胆碱刺激腺泡细胞前后自身磷酸化型的CaM kinaseⅡ的活性。

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate can inhibit the synthesis of type ⅱcollagen and protein of chondrocytes.

地塞米松磷酸钠可抑制软骨细胞的增殖，可能与抑制关节软骨细胞的ⅱ型胶原和蛋白合的合成能力有关。

The phenotype, calcium tuberculation and the expression of alkaline phosphatase were studied with alizarin red staining and modified Gomori Ca-Co assays respectively.

采用碱性磷酸酶Gomori 钙钴法染色、钙结节茜素红法染色及Ⅰ型胶原免疫组织化学染色方法进行鉴定成骨细胞生物学特性。

The result showed that the experimental group can restrain thephosphorylation activity of P38MAPK and down-regulate the amount ofⅢtypecollagen hyaluronic acid and IL-6, improve the degree of alveolitis and pulmonaryfibrosis, decrease the expression of TGF-β1 in the lung tissue compared with themode group at all times.

研究结果显示：在各个时间点，肺痹汤各剂量组较模型组可以抑制P38MAPK磷酸化活性和下调Ⅲ型胶原透明质酸和IL-6细胞因子含量，改善肺泡炎及肺纤维化的程度，降低TGF-β_1在肺组织中的表达。

The results showed that compared with the colocasia esculenta schott starch, the starch phosphate ester had properties of easier gelatinization, higher clarity, better retrogradation , freeze-thaw stability and anti-mycotic characteristics improved, and pa

结果表明，与原淀粉相比，香芋淀粉磷酸酯更容易糊化、透明度高、沉降稳定性好、冻融稳定性和抗霉菌能力有所改善、糊粘度减小。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

MSCs were cultured in a conditional medium in subculture including: dexamethasone, vitamin C, and β-glycerophosphate. At the same time, we constructed the eukaryotic expression vector containing VEGF165gene. VEGF165 gene was transfected into MSCs by means of LipofectAMINE?2000. The stably gene expressive cells were screened with G-418 for 14 days.

在脂质体介导下将构建成功的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1- VEGF165转染到诱导培养的MSCs，G-418筛选阳性细胞克隆，将阳性克隆细胞和未转染的MSCs共同接种于β-磷酸三钙上，体外培养7天后，植入原大鼠肌肉内。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。