磷酸化酶

Caffeine - A derivative of coffee, is an efficient arouser of central nervous system capable to drive away fatigue, and improve renal circulation. Its stimulation on the cerebral cortex activates Neurotransmitter receptors in the cell membrane; the adenylyl cyclaseactivated on the other surface of the cell catalyzes Adenosine Triphosphate, forming Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and thus set off series of bio-chemical reactions, like increase of passionate feel, prompt recovery from fatigue after working etc..

咖啡因—由于咖啡本身具有兴奋神经中枢，消除疲劳，增加肾脏血流量的作用，通过对大脑皮层的刺激，使神经递质作用于细胞膜受体，激活了膜另一侧的腺苷酸环化酶，被激活的腺苷酸环化酶催化三磷酸腺苷环化酶，被激活的腺苷酸环化酶催化三磷酸腺苷形成环磷酸腺苷，从而引起一系列生化反应，如增加愉快感和消除事后疲劳等。

For most viruses,there is aneed for antimicrobials that target unique viral molecular properties.Acycloviris one such drug.It is activated into ahuman herpesvirusDNA polymerase inhibitor exclusively by HHV kinases and,thus,does not suppress other viruses.Here,we show that ACV suppresses HIV-1in HHV-coinfected human tissues,but not in HHV-free tissue or cell cultures.However,addition of HHV-6-infected cells renders these cultures sensitive to anti-HIV ACV activity.We hypothesized that such HIV suppression requires ACV phosphorylation by HHV kinases.Indeed,an ACV monophosphorylated prodrug bypasses the HHV requirement for HIV suppression.Furthermore,phosphorylated ACV directly inhibits HIV-1reverse transcriptase,terminating DNA chain elongation,and can trap RT at the termination site.These data suggest that ACV anti-HIV-1activity may contribute to the response of HIV/HHV-coinfected patients to ACV treatment and could guide strategies for the development of new HIV-1RT inhibitors.

对大多数病毒而言，都需要有针对其分子特性的靶向杀毒剂阿昔洛韦就是这样一种靶向药物在人疱疹病毒酶的特定作用下，阿昔洛韦被激活成为人疱疹病毒DNA聚合酶抑制剂，因此不能再抑制其它的病毒我们的研究发现阿昔洛韦在共感染人疱疹病毒的组织中可以抑制HIV-1，但在无人疱疹病毒感染的组织或细胞中无此作用然而，加入人疱疹病毒-6感染的细胞却使得其对抗HIV的阿昔洛韦变得敏感我们推测这种抑制作用依赖于人疱疹病毒酶导致的阿昔洛韦磷酸化实际上，单磷酸化的阿昔洛韦前体药物无需人疱疹病毒的参与即可抑制HIV此外，磷酸化的阿昔洛韦能直接抑制HIV-1逆转录酶，将其阻止在终止位点，从而终止DNA链的延长这些结果提示阿昔洛韦的抗HIV-1活性决定了艾滋病病毒/人疱疹病毒共感染的患者对阿昔洛韦的治疗反应，也有助于开发新的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂

PartⅡThe mechanism elucidation about effects ofα-(2,3)/(2,6)sialic acid on the Cx43gap-junction functions.(1) Westernblotting experiment showed that the decrease of sialic acid didn\'t changethe Cx43 expression and its phospholation level.(2) Westernblotting experiment showed sialidase didn,t change the ZO-1 expression,IP and confocal experiment showed sialidase improved the interaction of Cx43 andZO-1.(3) Westernblotting experiment showed sialidase didn\'t change N-cadherin expression,IP and confocal experiment showed sialidase promoted the complex formation ofCx43 and N-Cadherin.(4)Sialidase could increase the ERK1/2 phospholation level,and enchanedintercellular homotypic adhesion,Immunofluorometric assay showed sialidase couldpromote the N-cadherin cluster on the membrance.

第二部分：α—(2，3)／(2，6)唾液酸对肿瘤细胞CX43间隙连接功能影响的机制研究1、Westernblotting结果表明降低细胞膜表面唾液酸并不改变Cx43的表达及其磷酸化水平：但Cx43连接斑形成增多；2、Westernblotting结果表明唾液酸酶作用后细胞ZO—1表达没有改变，IP及免疫荧光共定位结果表明唾液酸酶作用后促进了Cx43与ZO-1的结合；3、Westernblotting结果表明唾液酸酶作用后细胞N-cadherin表达没有改变，IP及免疫荧光共定位结果表明唾液酸酶作用后促进了Cx43与N-Cadherin复合物的形成；4、唾液酸酶作用后细胞内ERK1／2磷酸化水平明显增加，细胞间同质粘附增加，以及免疫荧光表明唾液酸降低后可促进N-cadherin的膜成簇。

Pyridoxine, pyridoxal , pyridoxamine as well as their phosphated forms are structural analogues in which pyridoxal-5"-phosphate and pyridoxamine-5"- phosphate are the biological active forms in vivo which act as the cofactors of aminotransferases, amino acid decarboxylases, cysteine desufbrase and cystathionine , etc by constant transconversions. Recently, it was discovered that B6 played a novel role in tumor growth suppression.

它包括三种结构十分近似的化合物：吡哆醇(Pyidoxine，PN)、吡哆醛(Pyridoxal，PL)和吡哆胺(Pyridoxamine，PM)，分别以磷酸化的形式发挥作用，其中吡哆醛-5'-磷酸(Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate，PLP)为B_6在体内的活性形式，通过与磷酸吡哆胺(Pyidoxamine-5-phosphate，PMP)的互变，作为多种酶(氨基转移酶、氨基酸脱羧酶、半胱氨酸脱硫酶、胱硫醚酶等)的辅酶而发挥传递基团的作用。

Detect with Western Blot protein of MAb counterpoise form and the natural phosphoric acid is enzymatic reactivity in the cell, obtain 6 individual plant to be able to be stabilized in all secrete the individual plant of cross tumour cell that fights phosphoric acid enzymatic MAb, go enzymaticly to study double particularity phosphoric acid further phosphation action mechanism and its activation formerly in mitosis way of enzymatic signal of albumen phosphoric acid turns guide provide strong tool.

用Western blot检测mAb对重组蛋白和细胞中天然磷酸酶的反应性，共获得6株可稳定分泌抗磷酸酶mAb的杂交瘤细胞株，为进一步探究双特异性磷酸酶的去磷酸化功能机理以及其在有丝分裂原激活蛋白磷酸酶信号途径中的信号转导提供强有力的工具。

Stabilized, hypophosphorylated β-catenin translocates to the nucleus, where it interacts with transcription factors of the TCF/LEF-1 family, leading to the increased expression of genes, such as c-myc and cyclin D1

那么，药物的作用有以下几个可能性：2。药物促进或抑制catenin的核转位，但不影响其磷酸化程度3。药物可直接磷酸化catenin或直接使其去磷酸化，即具有磷酸激酶或磷酸酶的作用。

Simultaneously, the activity and coding gene expression of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and glycollic oxidase all decrease in two rice accessions under low potassium supply while significant decrease in non-allelopathic rice "Lemont".

水稻光合作用相关酶的分析结果表明，低钾条件下核酮糖－1，5-二磷酸羧化酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和乙醇酸氧化酶的活性及其基因表达强度均降低，但化感水稻&PI312777&的下降幅度显著小于非化感水稻&Lemont&。

Phosphorylase mRNA wasless in proembryos, but significantly increased in differentiating embryos accumulatingtransition starch.

原胚中的磷酸化酶mRNA表达较弱，到分化胚积累过渡性淀粉时才显著增加。

College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072On the basis of optimization of in situ RNA hybridization technique, Westudied the temporal and spatial expression of calmodulin and phosphorylasemRNA and its relation with fertilization and embryogenesis in rice as well as antherdevelopment in tabacco. We also constructed cDNA libraries of proembryos anddifferentiating young embryos in rice using microscopic isolation and RT-PCRtechniques.

本文在优化RNA原位杂交技术的基础上，研究了钙调素mRNA和磷酸化酶mRNA时空表达及其与水稻受精和胚胎发生以及烟草花药发育的关系；利用显微分离技术和RT-PCR技术建立了水稻原胚和分化幼胚cDNA文库。

Effects of free fatty acid elevation on post absorptive endogenous glucose production and gluconeogenesis in humans.

提示它可以通过激活糖原磷酸化酶活力来加强小鼠肝细胞的糖原分解过程，促进肝细胞对葡萄糖的释放，从而使血糖升高。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。