磷灰石

"Phosphatic fertilzers are all derived from calcium salts of phosphoric acid and these are found as raw bones, apatite and phosphate rock."

无论什么磷肥，全都来自含钙的磷酸盐。生骨粉、磷灰粉、磷灰石含有大量的这种盐类。

"The most important naturally occurring phosphate is phosphate of lime or tri-calcium phosphate found as the chief ingredient of phosphatic rock, bones and phosphatic guanos."

自然产生的磷酸盐中以磷酸三钙最为重要，它是磷灰石、骨骼和磷质海鸟粪的主要成分。

The porously sintered hydroxyapatite and poly oligomer were used to prepare a series porous poly/hydroxyapatide composites as a biodegradable hard tissue repair material, and its physical-chemical properties were studied in this investigation. The used PLLA oligomer, mentioned above, was prepared via acidic hydrolytic reaction.

本研究利用烧结的方法制作多孔性的氢氧基磷灰石烧结体，加入聚乳酸及由高分子量聚乳酸降解的乳酸寡聚物制作成PLLA/HA复合材，以作为硬组织生物可吸收性修补材之用。

At a private facial plastic surgery practice, 8 patients were each injected subdermally between the dermis and the subcutaneous fat with 0.1 mL of calcium hydroxylapatite in the superior postauricular sulcus.

在一个私人脸部整型手术执业中，8位病患接受了皮下注射0.1 ml的羟磷灰石钙，注射部位为上后关节沟，注射至真皮与皮下之间，有2位病患未接受后续追踪。

Capello et al. followed 144 hips that had been treated with a stem that was proximally coated with hydroxyapatite.

Capello随访了144例采用近端羟磷灰石涂层的股骨柄治疗的病例。

The psammoma body mineralization in meningioma is a common type of mineralizationThe analysis of the mineral composition may provide some support information in finding the reason of happening and developing of the diseaseThis paper focuses on the concentric layered structure mineralization in meningiomas, using mineralogical methods, such as HRSEM, ESEM, EDAX, EPMA, HRTEM, XRD and FTIR to systematically investigate the mineral composition, structure and shape of the minerals in psammoma bodies in meningiomasWe have devised a method for preparing the silicon wafer sheet which was used for the ESEM insitu observations and analysisIn this study, we first got the ESEM and HRTEM images of the initial mineralization phase of meningiomasThese images showed that in the early stage of psammoma body mineralization in meningiomas, many mineralized balls composed of octocaphosphate were precipitated on the collagen fibersThese balls continued to grow and aggregate, and were gradually hydrolyzed to become the dahlliteThe continued development of mineralization resulted in the mineralized collagen fibersThe study revealed that the concentric layered structure of the psammoma bodies in meningiomas is formed by the spiral arrangement of the mineralized collagen fibers on which the mineralized grains precipitated.

砂粒体矿化是脑膜瘤中常见的矿化类型，对其形成机理和矿物成分的分析可能会对肿瘤发生、发展的研究提供辅助信息。该研究选取人脑膜瘤中的砂粒体矿化作为研究对象，采用偏光显微镜、环境扫描电镜及能谱、X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜和电子探针对样品的形貌、结构和成分进行测试分析，并以此为依据探讨脑膜瘤中砂粒体的形成机理。研究结果表明矿化的初期为沉淀在胶原纤维上的矿化小球，成分为磷酸八钙；矿化小球不断生长聚集，并逐步水解为碳羟磷灰石晶体，矿化的不断发展致使胶原纤维也发生矿化。砂粒体的同心层状构造是由螺旋状排列的矿化胶原纤维及沉淀在其上的矿化颗粒组成的集合体，而不是多数研究中所述：砂粒体是以坏死细胞残骸为中心由内至外的同心层沉淀。

The immunohistochemical location of noncollagenous protein, bone sialoprotein , osteopontin and osteocalcin at different stages following periradicular surgery was undertaken. The crystals formation on surfaces of MTA was evaluated when treated in different conditions without cells in vitro and in vivo. MTA was used to manage clinical problems, including perforations in roots or furcations, and pulpless permanent teeth with incomplete root formation. The study included the following three parts

本研究试图通过体内外研究探讨MTA表面牙骨质形成的机理，动物体内动态观察根尖周组织在用MTA倒充填后的组织反应和细胞外基质非胶原蛋白的表达，体外观察MTA在不同的环境下表面的形态及成分变化，和在体内环境下材料表面磷灰石层的形成，同时结合临床病例观察其临床治疗效果。

Objective To study the causes and therapy of the development of pyogenic granuloma in hydroxyapatite orbital implants.

目的 分析珊瑚多孔羟基磷灰石义眼台眶内植入术后脓性肉芽肿形成的原因，探讨其有效的治疗方法。

Hence, the pyrolytic problem exsisting in the process of plasma spraying adopted currently by most foreign researchers is avoided.

从而避免了目前国外采用等离子喷涂技术制作的羟基磷灰石涂层存在的热分解问题。

On the basis of the large numbers of age analysis on apatite and zircon fission track, through the research on the present structural framework, mineral characteristics and depositional environment in remanet strata and comprehensive compare with its neighboring Mesozoic basins in strata, sedimentary facies and hydrocarbon source rock, this thesis systemically discussion on the uplift timing of these mountains around Yanqi basin, original appearances in Mesozoic and characteristics of evolution and later reformation and provide important theoretical basis for petroleum exploration.

本文在大量的磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄分析的基础上，结合现今盆地构造格局和残留地层中岩石矿物特征及沉积环境研究以及与周邻中生代盆地地层、沉积相及烃源岩进行综合对比，系统地探讨了焉耆盆地周缘山体隆升时限、中生代原始面貌及其演化与后期改造特征，为盆地油气勘探提供重要的理论基础。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。