磷灰石

In apatite system choose apatite, Magnesium oxide, zinc oxide and cerium oxide.

对磷灰石系统，以磷灰石、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化铈为原料，进行4因素3水平正交实验，得到的最佳配方为磷灰石12%、MgO1%、ZnO1%、CeO20.5%，白度为70。

To evaluate the bioactivity of the glass-ceramics,the specimens were soaked in the simulated body fluid. The results indicate that fluorapatite shows needle-like microstructure, which is similar to that in human bone and teeth. The formation of needle-like fluorapatite is related to the heat treatment procedure, which results in needle-like fluorapatite crystals by accelerating one-dimension growth along the c-axis through the screw dislocation growth mechanism. The mechanical properties of the glass-ceramics are close to those of the human bone and teeth. The bioactivity test results show that apatite layer is precipitated on the materials surface after 3 d immersion in SBF, which indicates the glass-ceramics have a good bioactivity.

研究结果表明：氟磷灰石相呈针状，与人体骨和牙齿的磷灰石形貌相似，有利于提高材料的生物活性和生物相容性；氟磷灰石的形成是材料被迅速加热至高温进行热处理，使磷灰石以螺旋位错生长机制沿c轴晶化长大所致；经热处理获得的材料具有优良的力学性能，基本满足骨科和齿科用生物材料的性能要求；材料在体外模拟体液中浸泡3 d后，样品表面已有磷灰石层生成，表明该材料具有较高的生物活性。

The smooth surface of nano-HA prothesis fails to take advantage of the benefit of nano-HA.

光滑表面的纳米羟基磷灰石假体未能发挥纳米级羟基磷灰石的优势；在影响骨整合方面就羟基磷灰石涂层来说，涂层表面改性可能比单纯涂层材料纳米化更重要。

Through analyses of ore properties, Huayuan manganese ore is determined to be phosphorus—rich and iron—poor rhodochrosite.

有害元素磷主要以磷灰石独立矿物形式产出，粒度在3～20μm之间，矿样粒度为—45μm时，磷灰石主要以游离形态产出，被包裹在碳酸锰矿物中的磷灰石相对锰矿物明显减少。

In this study, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS were used to determine the major and trace element concentrations, respectively, of apatites from Transhimalayan granitoids. The results indicate that F, Mn, Sr and REEs in apatites generally show good correlations with compositions of their host magmas and thus have high potential to be utilized as petrogenetic tracers. More specifically, F and Mn contents in apatites are covariant with the aluminosity of the host rocks so that can be used as an indicator for magma differentiation. Combining with Sr and REE data, which show significant variations in apatites from different rock types, these elements may be furthermore used to construct "discrimination diagrams" for more detailed investigations of complex petrogenetic processes such as magma mixing and compositional heterogeneity.

本研究中，电子微探以及雷射烧蚀感应耦合电浆质谱术分别被用以量测藏南火成岩中磷灰石的主量与微量元素含量，微区分析的结果显示，磷灰石的氟、锰、锶以及稀土元素均与岩浆源成分展现良好的对比关系，揭示了它们应用在岩石成因示踪上的优秀潜力：其中，磷灰石氟、锰含量的变化与原岩的铝饱和情形息息相关，因此可以作为岩浆分异程度的指标；而锶以及稀土元素则在不同岩石类型来源的磷灰石中展现了明显的丰度变化，因此综合这些元素将有机会进一步建立岩浆来源的「鉴别图」，甚而以此讨论岩石成因，例如：岩浆混合与源区组成的不均一性。

Results: The number of HA microparticles attached to HA particles was obviously more than that to Brushite microparticles in designated time. The adsothed microparticle number was increased with time.

结果：在相同时间内羟磷灰石颗粒与羟磷灰石微粒子的附着量明显高于羟磷灰石颗粒与Brushite微粒子的附着量，并随时间的延长附着量而增加。

Methods: 1 HA particles were put into two kinds of solutions, which contained HA or Brushite microparticles, respectively. After vibrating for different time, the number of the microparticles attached to HA particles was measured and compared. 2 The solution containing HA microparticles was painted on the surfaces of exposed dentinal tubules to investigate the sealing effect of HA microparticles on dentinal tubules using ESM.

1羟磷灰石颗粒放入羟磷灰石微粒子溶液中进行机械反应与羟磷灰石颗粒放入Brushite (CaHPO42H2O)微粒子溶液中进行机械反应，对比两种溶液中微粒子附着在羟磷灰石颗粒表面的量。2用羟磷灰石微粒子涂布牙本质表面观察裸露的牙本质小管封闭情况。

At 4 weeks following implantation, cells on the surface of coralline hydroxyapatite were found and connective tissues were seen in the material pores in the experimental group. Cells on the coralline hydroxyapatite were observed only in the control group. At 8 weeks, new bone formation was detected on the surface of coralline hydroxyapatite; bony tissue deposition and a few chondroid tissues were found in the pores or surrounding the pores in the experimental group. A few fibrous connective tissues were observed in the control group. At 12 weeks, abundant mature woven bone was detected on the surface of coralline hydroxyapatite; medullary cavity-like structure and vessels were found in some regions in the experimental group. No new bone or bony tissues were found in the control group.

植入材料后4周，实验组可见珊瑚羟基磷灰石表面有细胞生长，孔隙内有结缔组织长入；对照组仅见珊瑚羟基磷灰石表面有细胞生长。8周时珊瑚羟基磷灰石表面有新生骨形成，孔隙内和孔隙边缘可见骨样组织沉积和少量软骨样组织形成；对照组仅见少量纤维结缔组织长入。12周时珊瑚羟基磷灰石材料表面有较多成熟编织骨形成，部分区域可见髓腔样结构形成，并有血管长入；对照组仍未见新骨及骨样组织形成。

Studies show that the average ratio of w/w(P2O5)(1.62) of phosphates in submarine guyots is the same as that of w/w(P2O5)（1.621）of carbonate-fluorapatite, but is obviously different from that of w/w(P2O5)（1.318）of fluorine_carbonate, suggesting that the phosphates from northwestern Pacific are species of carbonate_fluorapatite.Three types of microneedle-microcolumnar, microgranular and microcryptocrystalline carbonate_fluorapatite with different abundances have been found.

海山磷酸盐的平均化学成分w/w(P2O5)（1.62）与碳氟磷灰石的w/w(P2O5)（1.621）几乎一致，而与氟磷灰石的w/w(P2O5)（1.318）相差甚远，表明海山磷酸盐为碳氟磷灰石，其形态主要有针状_柱状微晶碳氟磷灰石、粒状微晶碳氟磷灰石及显微隐晶质碳氟磷灰石3种类型，它们在分布丰度上存在差异。

objective to investigate the inhibition mechanism of nanoapatite on the human hepatocelluar carcinoma.methods stable and single-dispersed nanoapatite were synthesized with sol-gel method.nanoapatite were surveyed by zataplus and tem.their effect on the bel-7402human hepatoma cell lines was investigated by the mtt methods,and the mechanism was studied from changes in ultrastructure.results the result showed that inhibition of nanoapatite on the bel-7402human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was presended obviously in vitro.conclusion nanoapatite entered into cancer cytoplasm,and cancer cells result in oncosis.

目的 探讨纳米磷灰石的抑癌机制。方法利用sol-gel法制备出稳定单分散的纳米磷灰石体系，应用粒径电位仪和透射电镜对纳米磷灰石进行表征；采用mtt比色法研究纳米磷灰石对细胞系bel-7402人肝癌细胞的作用；从超微结构的改变研究其作用机制。结果实验结果表明，纳米磷灰石在体外对bel-7402人肝癌细胞具有明显的抑制作用。结论通过进入到癌细胞内，导致癌细胞胀亡。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。