磁矩

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

In the paper, the magnetic flexibility torque survey tool is composed of the magnetic flexibility torque sensor and following measure circuit, and based on magnetic flexibility principle of the iron-magnetism material.

本文研究的磁弹性转矩测量仪由磁弹性转矩传感器和后续测量电路组成，它是利用铁磁材料的磁弹性效应测量转矩的仪表。

On the basia of hexagon stator flux trace method with Band-Band control,some improvements are made in the paper on the key sector such as the observation of magnetic field and a new scheme of polygon voltage vector control is presented in order to realize the fast regulation when three-value regulation is used to adjust torque.

使用两点式调节方法对定子磁链进行调节，实现六边形或圆形磁链轨迹方案，并在此基础上对直接转矩控制的关键环节磁通观测提出了改进意见，提出一种基于空间电压矢量调制理论的多边形电压矢量控制方案，以运用三值转矩控制方式实现转矩的快速调节。

The results indicate that in the synchronizing condition the MRF is unyielded, every point of MRF in the flow field has the same angular velocity. Under the slipping condition, with the increase of magnetic field or the decrease of slip speed, MRF may transfer from whole yield to partial yield. When the MRF wholly yields, the angular velocity of MRF increases nonlinearly with its radius, the non-linear distribution becomes more obvious as the magnetic intensity in the working gap increases. When the MRF partially yields, the yield region expands with the decrease of magnetic intensity or the increase of slip speed and the unyield region always reaches the driven rotor. The transfer torque of MRTD increases with the increase of the external magnetic field, but the transfer torque maintains a constant value approximately with the variation of slip speed at the same magnetic intensity.

研究结果表明，在同步工况下，传动装置流场中磁流变液未屈服，各点角速度相同；在滑差工况下，随外加磁场的增大和滑差转速的减小，磁流变液逐渐从完全屈服向部分屈服转变；磁流变液完全屈服时，磁流变液角速度随半径呈非线性增加，工作间隙中磁场越强，流场的非线性分布越明显；磁流变液部分屈服时屈服区域随外加磁场的增大而减小，随滑差转速的增大而增大，未屈服区与主动转子相连；稳态下磁流变传动装置传递的转矩随外加磁场的增加而近似呈线性增大，但在相同外加磁场下，传递转矩基本不随滑差转速改变而改变，表现出良好的恒转矩特性。

This thesis proposed the design and implementation of an ASIC for the motor control with DTC technology. Note that this ASIC is implemented by cell-based Design style with Verilog language.The basic principle of the Direct Torque Control is to select the switch sequence of the inverter. Those switches will control the magnetism and torque of the stator, to induce a fast response of the induction motor. Furthermore, the d-q axle's static coordinate, which is transferred from both the three-phase current and voltage, is used to compute the stator's magnetism and torque. By comparing with original values, those magnetism and torque will be calculated and set to new data. Then the switching table and the hysteresis controller are decided with the new data to generate a voltage vector and to control the stator magnetism and torque.

直接转矩控制的基本原理为经由侦测马达定子磁通与转子转速，来适当的选择变频器功率电晶体的切换状态，以获得快速且不易受外在环境影响的马达控制响应；首先，根据量测三相电流与利用变频器的切换状态取得马达的三相电压，将其转换至d-q轴静止座标，然后藉此估测马达的磁通量与转矩量，再分别与侦测的定子磁通量和转矩量比较后，得到定子磁通量与转矩量比较的结果，再利用DTC电压向量切换表(DTC Voltage Vector Switching table)，依定子磁通与转矩的比较值及马达所在的角度位置，来选择一个适当的电压向量，进而依切换顺序来激发功率电晶体，达到控制感应马达的目的。

The results show that with the increase of deformation strains and thinning of Fe-Cr fibers, the saturation magnetization are about 140 A·m2/kg constantly, and the remanent magnetism and coercivity increase gradually.The magnetic properties of Fe-Cr fibers are invariant when the Fe-Cr fibers were preserved in absolute alcohol or air for more than 1 a. After Fe-Cr fibers heated in air at temperature higher than 300 ℃ for 1 h, the Fe-Cr fibers transform from ferromagnetic α-solution to paramagnetic2O3, and the saturation magnetization of samples decreases remarkably. With the increase of deformation strains, the thermal stability of thinner Fe-Cr fibers decreases.

结果表明：随着变形量的增大和Fe-Cr纤维的细化，纤维的饱和磁矩基本恒定(约140 A·m2/kg)，而剩磁和矫顽力则逐渐增加； Fe-Cr纤维在无水乙醇和空气中储存一年以上，磁性基本保持不变； Fe-Cr纤维在空气中经300 ℃以上加热1 h后，逐渐由铁磁性的α-固溶体转变为顺磁性的2O3，饱和磁化强度显著下降；且随着变形量的增大，较细Fe-Cr纤维的热稳定性较差。

Some one disagree our viewpoint, so at last we clarified that why this term vanishes identically when one rigorously studies the intrinsic magnetic moment of a particle, either fundamental or composite even we have chosen wave packets instead of plane wave, i.e. a superposition of physical plane-wave states, because they are strictly physical and practical.

因此我们的工作就是澄清了为什么当我们粗略研究一个粒子(不管这个粒子是基本的，还是复合的)的内禀磁矩的时候，我们是可以忽略掉这一项的，即使我们考虑波包而不是平面波，因为实际世界中我们遇到的更多是波包。

Their formulas are presented as following:( 1 ) [Co2C6H2(COO44]n ( 2 ){[Co2(C2O4)C6H2(COO4(H2O)4] -4H2O-(NH2CH2COOH)}n ( 3 ){[Co(H2O)6][Co(H2O)4C6H2(COO4] . 4H2O}n These coordination polymers have been characterized by IR,UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopes. The variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities(1.5-300K)of complex (1) and (2) have been measured and studied. Complex (1) and (2) exhibit the anti-ferromagnetic property. The spin-transition phenomenon of complex (2) takes place at 17K.

经X-光衍射测定，确定了它们的结构，分子式如下：(1)[Co_2C_6H_2(COO_4_4]_n (2){[Co_2(C_2O_4)C_6H_2(COO_4(H_2O)_4]·4H_2O·(NH_2CH_2COOH)}_n (3){[Co(H_2O)_6][Co(H_2O)_4C_6H_2(COO_4]·4H_2O}_n 研究了上述三种配位聚合物的红外，紫外—可见—近红外光谱，测定了化合物(1)和(2)在1.5—300K温度范围内的变温磁矩，对它们的磁性研究表明，化合物(1)和(2)均呈反铁磁性，并且化合物(2)在17K发生了自旋转换现象。

The electronic structures of cluster Fe8 with D6h symmetry and Fe15 with Oh sysmmetry have been studied by MS-X method..The results show that(1 the exchange splittings of the d-band and the magnetic moments of the Fe-atoms are different in the two clusters;(2)the change distribution in both clusters is not uniform,showing that the electrons are transferred from peripheral atoms to inner atoms,and the spin-directionof the electrons transferred is in accordance with the symmetric characteristics...

用MS-Xα方法研究了Fe8原子簇（具有D6h对称）和Fe15原子簇的电子结构，结果表明：（1）两种原子簇中的Fe原子磁矩及其d能带中的交换劈裂性质互不相同；（2）两类原子簇中的电荷分布不是均匀的，电荷倾向于从外围原子向内部原子上转移，并且被转移电子的自旋方向与原子簇的对称性质密切相关。

The room temperature magenetic susceptibility measurements on the complexes in chloroform and dimethylsulfoxide solution yield magnetic moments of ~4.9 B.M.,i.e.the expected spin only value for high spin Mn.

室内温度在氯仿和二甲基亚砜的解决方案产生的磁矩4.9 B.M。，i.e.the预期为高自旋旋转锰配合物的价值，只有动采用磁化率测量。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。