磁势

The flux observer can ensuring flux linkage to be perpendicular to back electromotive force,so that the stator flux linkage can be estimated accurately over a wide speed rang.

观测器从确保磁链和反电势正交的角度出发，保证了电机在宽运行范围定子磁链观测的准确性。

ABSTRACT For an infinite soft ferromagnetic elastic crack material, the controlling equation for the plane problem is derived based on the linear theory of Pao and Yeh. Then it is reduced to a biharmonic equation combined with a harmonic equation.

对处于面内磁场中的含穿透裂纹无限大软铁磁弹性体，本文基于Pao和Yeh的磁弹性耦合线性化理论，通过推导，把问题的控制方程表示成一个重调和方程和一个调和方程，而得到问题的复势解。

This thesis calculates emphases the excitor circult of AC excitor .but the calculate of excitor circult must solve two problem: how to caculate the output AC phasic potential, phasic electric current and the capacity of AC excitor basing on the main generator direct current excitating voltage and direct current excitation current ;how to caculate the armature feedback, power factor and required ampere-turn of AC exciter.

本文重点对交流励磁机的磁路进行计算，但磁路计算先要解决两个问题：如何根据主发电机给定的直流励磁电压和直流励磁电流计算出交流励磁机的输出交流相电势，相电流及交流励磁机容量；如何计算交流励磁机的电枢反应，功率因数及其所需的安匝数。

Then introduce the principle of work and the construction characteristic. This thesis calculates emphases the excitor circult of AC excitor .but the calculate of excitor circult must solve two problem: how to caculate the output AC phasic potential, phasic electric current and the capacity of AC excitor basing on the main generator direct current excitating voltage and direct current excitation current ;how to caculate the armature feedback, power factor and required ampere-turn of AC exciter.

本文重点对交流励磁机的磁路进行计算，但磁路计算先要解决两个问题：如何根据主发电机给定的直流励磁电压和直流励磁电流计算出交流励磁机的输出交流相电势，相电流及交流励磁机容量；如何计算交流励磁机的电枢反应，功率因数及其所需的安匝数。

Requirement for arc voltage during opening of field breaker is higher and higher, for de-excitation with varistor ,generally adopted for large hydraulic generator. In fact, E.M.Fof field winding is required higher than threshold of varistor during opening of field breaker.

大型水轮发电机通常采用的非线性电阻灭磁的方法，对灭磁开关的开断弧压要求愈来愈高，其机理是要求开关开断时，磁场绕组的自感电势大於非线性电阻的残压。

Chapter 2: The chapter concentrates on the powerful instrument in studying the carrier transport properties—thermopower.. Starting with the base theory, the chapter discussed the thermoelectricity phenomenon in metal and semiconductor in detail, including the useful Mott formula, phonon drag effect (normal process and Umklapp process), abnormal thermopower in transition metal, two-band model, magneton scattering, and so on. To resolve the abnormal thermopower in low temperature, some theoretical models, such as the distortion of Fermi surface, resonant scattering, spin-bag model, were argued. Each of them has its limition.

第二章：对热电势这一研究物质载流子输运性质的手段进行了综述，从热电势的原理和基础理论研究开始，针对金属和半导体的热电势现象进行了详细讨论，包括研究工作中常用的Mott公式、声子曳引的正常过程和Umklapp过程、过渡金属异常的热电势现象、双带模型及磁子散射机制等等，对于低温下的异常散射机制讨论了声子曳引、费米面畸变、共振散射机制、自旋口袋模型等若干种理论模型及其局限性。

Some people introduce subphotosphere magnetic charges or dipole, which can fit magnetic field on the photosphere, then the separatrix and separator above and on the photosphere can be located, the comparison between their location and location of flare ribbon support the idea of magnetic reconnection. It is called Source Method. Some people extrapolate magnetic fields of photosphere to corona by some method, then use QSLs method to investigate the relations between flare ribbons and magnetic field topology. Some people study relations between flare ribbons and singular point on the plane above photosphere. Some people investigate magnetic topology by analyzing magnetic field of photosphere directly.

或者以观测的光球磁场为基础，来构造光球下的磁荷或磁偶极等光球下磁源，进而研究光球上的磁拓扑结构与耀斑的关系；或者利用各种外推方法将光球磁场进行外推，然后用准分隔层的方法来研究磁拓扑结构与耀斑的关系；或者利用势场模型外推光球磁场，然后研究光球之上平行于光球的某一平面的两维奇点与耀斑的关系；或者直接利用观测的光球矢量场来研究磁场拓扑。

A unit of magnetomotive force equal to the magnetomotive force produced by the passage of 1 ampere through 1 complete turn of a coil; equal to 1.257 gilberts.

磁通势单位等于安培的电流通过单位线圈时产生的磁通势；等于吉伯。

For the current misdistribution caused by contiguity effect between the exciting windings not being taken into account in traditional mathematical model, the bigger calculation error of harmonic voltages is brought out when the high frequency alternating current flows in the exciting windings.

传统的数学模型未考虑激磁绕组邻近效应引起的电流分布不均对输出电势的影响，从而会在高频下带来较大的谐波电势计算误差。

The results about the magnetic vector potential of current-carrying ring and the electric potential of uniform charged ring which are expressed by Bessel functions are further calculated and analyzed.

用Bessel函数积分对圆环电流磁矢势及均匀带电圆环电势作进一步的计算分析，引申出磁感应强度及电场强度新的级数表达式，分析讨论了所得结果。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。