碳酸盐岩

The multi-attributes and multi-parameters of 3D seismic data is studied through detailed processing and interpretation of 3D seismic data based on seismic model inversion and seismic reflector features recognition ,the relationship between reservoir and seismic attribute parameter is determined , and reservoir forestation is done , the response feature and three types recognition model for carbonate reservoir in seismic reflect cross-section are established, deepen the understanding of distributions of fracture and vug within this reservoir.

在地震模型正演和地震波形分析的基础上，通过对区内三维地震资料的精细处理解释，开展了地震资料的多属性、多参数综合分析，确定了储层和地震属性参数间的关系，开展储层预测及评价研究，总结碳酸盐岩缝洞发育带的地震响应特征，建立了3类缝洞碳酸盐岩储层识别模式，深化了对裂缝、溶洞发育带空间展布规律的认识。

The petrophysical properties reflect reservoir heterogeneity by integration of well testing with reservoir performance are acquired by means of geostatistics , multi-parameter cluster analysis , neural network technique , a set of method of quantitative division and estimation to reservoir quality unit in carbonate pools of fracture and vug type is explored , the estimated parameter for different unit is acquired. which lead to better the understanding of reservoir behavior and heterogeneity.

以地质统计学技术、神经网络技术和多参数聚类分析技术为手段，利用试井资料及其它开发动态资料，动静态资料相结合，研究和求取了反映岩溶储层非质性的物性参数；研究和探索了一套缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层开发储集质量单元的定量划分和评价方法，建立了不同单元的储层质量评价参数，深化了对缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层非均质性的认识。

Carbonate fractured/caverned karst reservoirs are a kind of composite ones that are superimposed by many fracture/cavern units within the control of cyclical tectonics and karstification so this kind of reservoirs are more difficult exploration and development than other kind of ones.

碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油气藏是受构造—岩溶旋回作用控制、由多个缝洞单元在空间上叠合形成的复合油气藏，勘探开发难度比较大。塔河油田是我国第一个以奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油气藏为主的古生界海相大油气田，勘探开发有其特殊性和复杂性。

With the seismic profile and the comparison between the eustatic sea level change and sequence, the authors find that there developed different scales of reef and carbonate platforms in the sag. These reef and carbonate platforms have many developing stages which can be correlated with the eustatic sea level change and evolutionary stages, besides, they all have preferable hydrocarbon potential.

通过地震资料的解释及海平面变化曲线与层序的对比发现，琼东南盆地南部深水凹陷发育有规模大小不等的生物礁和碳酸盐岩台地，而且这些生物礁和碳酸盐岩台地的发育与海平面变化曲线和构造演化的阶段可以对应起来，应具有较好的油气勘探潜力。

The authors have summarized relevant data studied by overseas scientists and suggested the definition of chalky texture formation as "Chalky texture formation refers to that magnesium calcite and aragonite are transformed into the framework of micrite and microspar of low-magnesium calcite via neomorphism, and result in and maintain intercrystalline pore and throat networks in it; enhanced chalky texture formation refers to that the micrite and microspar are successively subjected to dissolution and leaching, so that the secondary network of solution voids is formed".

综合各国学者的有关研究资料，建议将白垩状结构化定义为：&碳酸盐沉积物和碳酸盐岩中的镁方解石和文石在不同成岩阶段通过新生变形而转变成低镁方解石微晶和微亮晶格架，并在其中产生和保存晶间孔喉网络的作用；强化白垩状结构化是指微晶和微亮晶格架受到进一步溶蚀和淋滤，从而形成次生溶蚀孔隙网络的作用&。

The effects of lithology to sensitivity of water and soil loss are stronger in carbonate rock areas than noncarbonate rock areas.

作为生态功能区划的基础性工作，针对桂西北喀斯特地区生态环境特征，以河池市为例，分别建立了碳酸盐岩区域和非碳酸盐岩区域水土流失敏感性评价指标体系。

To these facts and the ecological characters of karst area,considering the difference of lithology as the dominant factor,the accountable factors were identified as the assessment indices respectively in carbonate rock areas and noncarbonate rock areas,and the possibly sensitivity degree and distribution law of water and soil loss were analyzed based GIS technology.

结果显示：桂西北河池市水土流失敏感区面积比例在99%以上，其中碳酸盐岩区域水土流失敏感性明显高于非碳酸盐岩区域；从全市来看，水土流失敏感程度较高，其中高度敏感和极度敏感面积比例分别达到了31%和237%；水土流失重要敏感区主要分布于河池市南部的都安大化和中北部岩溶山原区，这些地区应加强生态环境防护措施。

The paper adopts some methods such as gas composition, carbon isotope, systematical analyzing and testing of reservoir bitumen biomarker from high evolutional natural gas and quantitative calculation of mixed gas, illustrates that natural gas from the section Ⅱ of Jialingjiang formation is mainly attributed to sapropel type organic matter gas of Permian, comes from carbonatite hydrocarbon rocks Permian which most of them are overmature, its main gas source has nothing to do with carbonatite hydrocarbon rocks of Jialingjiang formation themselves, presents in geochemistry characteristics of oil type cracked gas.

摘要通过对川中－川南过渡带西部的磨溪－潼南地区嘉二段天然气组成、碳同位素组成、高演化天然气储层沥青生物标志化合物的系统分析测试和混合成因气的定量估算，阐明了该区嘉二段天然气主要属于二叠系腐泥型有机质成因气，来源于二叠系过成熟为主的碳酸盐岩烃源，主力气源与嘉陵江组自身的碳酸盐岩烃源无关，并具有油型裂解气的地球化学特征。

Geophysical characteristics of Ordovician carbonate rock were studied using drilling data. Impedance is affected mostly by material properties and reservoirs types, to a negligibly extent by lithology and flow. Compact layers and minor\|fracture reservoirs of Ordovician carbonate rock have characteristics of high density, high velocity and high impedance, and the prediction of minor fractures reservoir is difficult by the general seismic ways. Big fractures and fractured\|vuggy and vuggy and cavity reservoirs of Ordovician carbonate rock have characteristics of minor density and low velocity and low impedance in central Tarim basin, which obviously different from the surrounding rock and produce obvious characteristics in seismic data, so reservoirs can be predicted by applying general seismic data.

根据已钻井资料，对塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组岩石地球物理特征进行了研究，结果表明：物性、储层类型对波阻抗影响最大，岩性、流体对波阻抗影响较小；奥陶系碳酸盐岩致密层和小裂缝型储层具有密度大、速度高、波阻抗值大的特点，利用地震常规预测手段较难预测出小裂缝型储层，而塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩大裂缝型、裂缝-孔洞型、孔洞型、洞穴型储层具有密度小、速度低、波阻抗值小的特点，与围岩具有较为明显的差异，在地震上可以产生明显的响应，可利用常规地震资料来预测这种类型储层。

The new acid system can stabilize the ferric ions, furthermore it can prevent the acid sludge forming during acidizing treatment, also can eliminate sulphide scale.

实验表明螯合酸对于高含碳酸盐岩砂岩储层具有很好的酸化效果，对于高含酸敏性矿物而碳酸盐岩含量较低的砂岩储层酸化效果有限，但不会给储层带来二次伤害。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新