碳酸盐

Many data and discussions about carbonate rock dissolution in CO2 solution have been published. In this paper, special simulation experiments were carried out in order to understand the dissolution behaviors of carbonate rocks in organic acid and H2S solution. The results show that, as the temperature rises from 20℃ to 200℃, the dissolution rate of carbonate rock in organic acid increases with temperature below 90℃ and decreases above 90℃.

CO2对碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀作用已有不少学者进行了研究，本文则以一个全新的模拟实验方式对不同类型碳酸盐岩在有机酸和H2S水溶液中的相对溶蚀能力进行了研究，结果发现随温度从常温升高至200℃，有机酸对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀能力由弱变强再变弱，在90℃左右溶蚀能力最强。

In the shallow soil with the depth of 0~50 cm below the ground surface,the extent from 0 to 50 centimeters, the change of the δ13C of the soil carbonate is positively related with the depth in the upper soil profile from 0~30 cm,but it will increase rapidly in the lower soil profile as the result of the existence of salined and alkali soil layer.

盐碱化土地在0～50 cm的深度范围内，土壤碳酸盐的δ13C值变化规律为：0～30 cm深度内，土壤碳酸盐的δ13C值随深度的增加而逐渐减小；在30～50 cm范围内，如果有盐积层或碱积层的存在，则土壤碳酸盐的δ13C值迅速增加。

According to the principle of strontium isotope stratigraphy, we attempt to determine the age of the boundaries for Campanian/Santonian and Maastrichtian/Campanian by 87Sr/86Sr ratios for Gamba section in southern Tibet.

在与国际上同期海相地层锶同位素演化曲线对比的基础上，研究了晚白垩世海相碳酸盐锶同位素组成与主要地质事件的关系；在将本研究锶同位素数据融入到全球中新代海水锶同位素曲线的基础上，综合作出了中新生代海平面变化和锶同位素对照曲线，讨论了全球风化速率，造山事件，气候，海平面变化以及灾变性事件对中新生代海水锶同位素的控制作用；根据锶同位素地层学原理，本研究尝试将碳酸盐锶同位素组成用于海相地层定年上，利用已有的全球海水87Sr/86Sr值-年龄数据库和测试的藏南晚白垩海相碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr值，确定了岗巴剖面Campanian/Santonian和Maastrichtian/Campanian阶界线，标定了广泛分布于白垩纪的厚壳蛤化石的年龄；本研究还将这些方法推广到了塔里木盆地井下奥陶纪地层的年龄标定，确定了中/上，中/下奥陶统界线，从锶同位素角度获得了古岩溶作用证据，显示锶同位素地层学在解决海相地层对比，年龄确定及在岩溶型油气储层研究中的潜在价值和良好应用前景。

Cathodoluminescence and δ〓O、δ〓C values of the sparites of geopetal structures within fossil brachiopods indicate that the sparcalcites were formed in equilibrium with various stages of postdepositional digenesis or catagenesis with each stage's δ〓O of interstitial water different.

3碳酸盐岩早期成岩胶结物或孔洞充填中的亮晶方解石是除腕足化石外获取碳酸盐岩原始氧、碳同位素组成的又一种常用样品。但本论文研究发现，龙门山地区碳酸盐岩的成岩后生改造具有多期多次现象，不同改造期次的流体之间存在明显的δ〓O差异，但无明显的δ〓C差别。

Using established dynamics model, the author has explained the genesis of numerous dolichos lablab limestone and siliceous limestone in the two growing stages of southern China, i.e. carbonates developing stages (Donggangling stage of middle Devonian and Changxing stage of late Permian). Because numerous carbonate rocks have been produced on the platform, at the same time, it is one of ignored material sources that numerous carbonate lime-mud have been transported from platform to basin.

运用所建立的动力学模型对中国南方两个重要的成礁期，即生物碳酸盐发育期(中泥盆世东岗岭和晚二叠世长兴期)，台盆内大量扁豆状灰岩和硅质灰岩的成因做了解释，因为台地上大量碳酸盐生产的同时，由台地向盆地输送的大量碳酸盐灰泥是盆地内的一个不可忽略的物质来源。

TheJiyang depression located in paleomonsoon climate zone in the period of the sahejieformation sedimentation, the wet and hot climate made ancient lake become deeperwater, enhanced stratification, reduced primary productivity of plankton, decreasingsedimentary velocity of carbonate, increasing sedimentary velocity of clay, fortifiedreductibility on certain degree, and then would be available for development of blackshale, dark shale and oil shale; In the contrast, the cold and dry climate lead ancientlake to shallower water, subdued stratification, increaser primary productivity ofplankton, enhancive sedimentary velocity of aphanitic carbonate, decreasedsedimentary velocity of clay, and then would be available for development calciteshale, calcite laminar shale, calcite mudstone, shaly carbonate rock, even laminarcarbonate or dolomite rock.

济阳坳陷在古近系沙河街组沉积期属于古季风气候带，在湿热的气候条件下古湖水加深，分层性增强，浮游生物的古生产力降低，隐晶碳酸盐的沉淀速率变小，粘土沉积速率加快，还原性一定程度上有所加强，有利于黑页岩、油页岩和暗色泥岩的形成：而相对干冷气候下，古湖水变浅，分层性减弱，浮游生物的古生产力增高，隐晶碳酸盐的沉积速率变大，粘土的沉积速率减慢，有利于钙质页岩、钙质纹层页岩、钙质泥岩、泥灰岩甚至纹层状碳酸盐岩、灰岩的发育。

A schematic model was proposed to illustrate the occurrences of various lithologies and lithofacies associations. The erosional surfaces on siliciclastic mudstones, funnel-shaped structure, and the exhuming of massive cold-seep carbonates exposed might have been occurred concurrently during a tectonic unstable time in SW Taiwan. The deposition of fossiliferous mudstone interfingered with the conglomerate lithofacies, and represented the rapid facies transition from siliciclastic (non-carbonate) into carbonate environment.

综合岩相观察结果，建构一个符合台湾西南部更新世珊瑚礁与基底泥岩接触关系的沉积相模式；其中，基底泥岩顶部的不规则冲蚀面、充填碳酸盐胶结泥岩砾与碳酸岩烟柱的漏斗状沉积，以及块状冷泉碳酸盐岩的出露，可能均为区域地质构造活动时期所造成；至於与含化石泥岩同时沉积的砾岩相，可能均为基底泥岩在快速浅化的过程中所沉积，标志古环境由矽质碎屑快速转变为碳酸盐环境的过程。

In consideration of the complex properties of the carbonate reservoirs in West Hubei and East Chongqing,their gas potential examination was carried out by use of the method of combining the target zone's small time window AVO analysis and AVO comprehensive response calibration with the intersection chart and AVO attribution contrasting analyses.

文章针对鄂西、渝东的碳酸盐岩储层复杂的特点，应用沿目的层的小时窗 AVO分析、AVO综合响应标定及交绘图分析、AVO属性对比分析相结合的方法来对该地区的碳酸盐岩储层含气性进行了检测，实例证明该AVO综合分析方法对碳酸盐岩储层中的油气检测是行之有效的

Carbonate rock saprolite is formed in zones of alteration and made up of travertine and residual carbonate crystals.

碳酸盐岩腐岩形成于包气带，由原岩中的碳酸盐溶解后再次沉淀形成，主要由钙华和残余碳酸盐晶体组成。

Because of the solubility of carbonate rock,the instability of karst soil and the vulnerability of karst vegetations,the risk of water and soil loss is bigger in carbonate rock areas than in noncarbonate rock areas.

由于碳酸盐岩的可溶蚀性、所形成土壤的不稳定性及碳酸盐岩植被的脆弱性等特征，在碳酸盐岩区水土流失的风险较非碳酸盐岩区更大，水土流失敏感性受岩性的影响比非碳酸盐岩地区更明显。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新