碳质的

The direct incorporation of U-13C glucose was estimated by the intensity increase of m/z to F(F was parent fragment, and n was the carbon number in the fragment), while the total isotope incorporation from the added 13C could be calculated according to the abundance ratio increment summation from m/z (Fa+1) through (Fa was the fragment containing all original skeleton carbons, and T was the carbon number in the amino acid molecule). The 13C enrichment in the target compound was expressed as atom percentage excess, and that of D-amino acid needed to be corrected by the coefficient of hydrolysis-induced racemization. The 13C enrichment reflected the carbon turnover velocity of individual amino acid enantiomers, and was powerful to investigate the dynamics of soil amino acids.

外加葡萄糖直接合成氨基酸的比例可利用质谱碎片的相对强度变化来评价（n为质谱碎片F中含有的碳原子数目）；而源于葡萄糖的13C同位素在氨基酸分子中的富集程度是所有同位素峰相对强度变化的总和。13C在目标化合物中的富集比例用原子百分超评价，D氨－基酸的APE还需进一步利用水解诱导的外消旋化系数校正。13C在目标化合物中的富集程度可反映各氨基酸手性异构体的碳循环速率大小，是研究土壤氨基酸动态变化的有力工具。

The method will involve a sequence of ammonification of glass surface, functionalization of carbon nanotube surface, and bonding between the nanotubes.

将奈米碳管与其它材料以一定的比例复合而制备，进而形成一种具有奈米碳管之复合吸附材料所组成之固相萃取柱介质，其合成步骤包括：奈米碳管表面改质官能化，玻璃粒体之载体氨化及最后将两者经缩合剂作用而产生化学键结使奈米碳管批覆在玻璃粒体之载体上。

The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and mineral elements of Viburnum cylindricum seed oil were determined. The results showed that 20 kinds of fatty acids in the Viburnum cylindricum seed oil were identified, in which the main components were oleic acid (33.34%), 8,11-octadecadienoic acid (28.24%) and palmitic acid (22.55%); the seed oil contained 6 kinds of essential mineral elements including Ca, P, Mg, Fe, K and Mn, and their contents were in the reasonable range of body requirement.

测定了水红木油的理化指标；用GC/MS法测定了脂肪酸组成及含量，共检出20种脂肪酸，主要成分9-十八碳烯酸占33.34%，8，11-十八碳二烯酸占28.24%，十六烷酸占22.55%，3种脂肪酸共占84.13%；用ICP-OES法测定了矿质元素的种类和含量，检出的Ca、P、Mg、Fe、K、Mn 6种矿质元素均为人体必需元素，含量均在人体所需合理范围内。

Studies show that the average ratio of w/w(P2O5)(1.62) of phosphates in submarine guyots is the same as that of w/w(P2O5)（1.621）of carbonate-fluorapatite, but is obviously different from that of w/w(P2O5)（1.318）of fluorine_carbonate, suggesting that the phosphates from northwestern Pacific are species of carbonate_fluorapatite.Three types of microneedle-microcolumnar, microgranular and microcryptocrystalline carbonate_fluorapatite with different abundances have been found.

海山磷酸盐的平均化学成分w/w(P2O5)（1.62）与碳氟磷灰石的w/w(P2O5)（1.621）几乎一致，而与氟磷灰石的w/w(P2O5)（1.318）相差甚远，表明海山磷酸盐为碳氟磷灰石，其形态主要有针状_柱状微晶碳氟磷灰石、粒状微晶碳氟磷灰石及显微隐晶质碳氟磷灰石3种类型，它们在分布丰度上存在差异。

Tte also suggest a possible comparison with the Ediacara trilobozoan fossils-Albumares and Anfesta from the shores of the White Sea in Russia. The re-cent discovery of a few skewed E. octobrachiata and walnut-shaped fossils with several carbonaceous meridian bands believed to represent lateral compressions of the same organism strongly suggests that this octoradial fossil is a ctenophoran.

新发现的倾斜保存的八臂仙母虫化石和碳质条带呈子午线状排列的核桃状化石，可能是该类化石归属栉水母类的有力证据，这一发现推测可将栉水母类的最早化石记录从&澄江生物群&的早寒武世推前大约3千万年。

The electron impact mass spectra of the chemical products modified by 2-amino-2-methylpropanol of the fatty acids in sunflower oil were analyzed; the allocation rule for the carbon double bonds in olefinic acids was discussed and the location of the carbon double bonds of the fatty acids in sunflower oil was confirmed.

解析了葵子油脂肪酸2-氨基－2-甲基－丙醇化学修饰产物的EI质谱图，讨论了烯酸中碳碳双键的定位规则，确定了葵子油脂肪酸中碳碳双键的位置鉴定出葵子油6种脂肪酸，不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为89.41%，其中人体必需脂肪酸9，12-十八碳二烯酸含量占65.30%。

The cokes are come from aromatics, colloids, asphaltene and Carbenes which are polycondensated and dehydrogenated. The processing of coking in the system are as follows: aromatics－→colloids－→asphaltene－→Carbenes－→cokes.(4) Coking can be avoided in the plasma reactor by feeding coal powder of 40～60 mesh (30%) and coal powder of less than 140 mesh (70%).

3结焦主要发生在等离子体反应较高温区，由煤中的芳香分、胶质、沥青质和碳青质缩聚脱氢形成；装置结焦形成的大体途径为：芳香分－→胶质－→沥青质－→碳青质－→焦质。

The form of intumestant char layer could depart polymer base and burning part while prevent heat transfer. Obviously,the fire –retardant effect of IFR is also that it intermits heat transfer.

因此，其阻燃作用主要属于凝聚相机理；APP、MN等分解时产生的NH3、H2O等不燃性气体，这些气体在能被捕集之前逸出到材料表面的气相，稀释了可燃气体的浓度；膨胀碳层的形成，起到阻止热传递的壁障作用，把聚合物基质与燃烧区隔开。

A total effectiveness factor considering both extra-and intra-particle diffusions was successfully applied to simplify the calculation of the model and a good agreement with the experimental results was achieved.

作者成功地引入一个综合考虑颗粒相内外传质的总有效因子简化模型的计算，并取得了较为满意的仿真结果。本文所做的工作为固定化细胞的多碳源酒精发酵工艺提供了可靠的基础数据和理论基础。

In order to determine the load-bearing capacity, the bearing steel GCr15 was treated by ferritic and composite nitrocarburizing techniques.

为考察氮碳共渗层的承载能力，对GCr15轴承钢进行了铁素体氮碳共渗及其与氧化+抛光+氧化相结合的复合氮碳共渗工艺，首次对铝质材料实施了氮碳共渗处理，研究了表面处理层的摩擦学特性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。