碳的

To produce super low carbon steel which final carbon content is lower than or equal to 13×10~(-6),factors which effect decarburization were analyzed thermodynamically and kinetically,and measures were taken to further reduce the final carbon content of IF steel ,preparing for mass production of super low carbon steel were proposed.

本文简单介绍了宝钢股份宝钢分公司炼钢厂为生产成品碳≤13×10~(-6)的极低碳 IF 钢，分析了 IF 钢脱碳的热力学和动力学条件，阐述了进一步降低成品碳采取的对策措施和达到的效果，为大批量生产极低碳钢提供指导。

Using the data dealing method for the saturated solubility, thermodynamic properties of Fe-C-Cr melt were calculated and the temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties also obtained, and the thermodynamic analysis of de-carbonization with blowing oxygen was carried out while medium carbon and low carbon ferrochrome were smelted using high carbon ferrochrome with converter practice.

利用碳饱和溶解度数据处理方法，计算了Fe－C－Cr熔体的热力学性质，得到Cr对C的话度相互作用系数与温度的关系式，并分析了高碳铬铁转炉法吹炼中低碳铬铁时吹氧脱碳的热力学行为。

With increasing altitude, the distribution characteristics of the topsoil (0-20cm) labile organic carbon and organic carbon lability were decrease→increase within the altitude range of

对贡嘎南山-拉轨岗日山南坡高寒草原生态系统表层（0~20cm）土壤活性有机碳分布特征研究表明：表层（0~20 cm）土壤活性有机碳平均为(2.4986±0.7864) g/kg，占表层土壤有机碳的(12.7926±21.00)%。

The achievement of this project can be briefly summed up as following:(1)the carbon contributing to karst processes mainly comes from ecological system itself under the condition of existence of vegetation and soil covers;(2)results indicates that the depositing processes of rainfall to CO2 is an important "sink" to global carbon cycle;(3)owing to the differences of vegetation and surface covering, the adjusting effect of ecosystem to environmental humidity, temperature and CO2 concentration near surface air which indicates different benefit of preventing water and soil from lose is marked;(4)the preponderant species of vegetation in the karst ecosystems which have different kinds of carbonate rocks are obviously variant, and this situation results to the clearly differences of the micro － habitat , structure of surface cover and water holding capacity;(5) the relevant study showed that the carpophagous animals and birds make a important role in the spreading of vegetation seeds. The designed experience for the study of seed reservoir was not able to obtain a satisfactory result.

主要研究成果包括：通过对表层系统碳库的研究，认为在有土壤和植被覆盖时，岩溶作用过程中的碳主要来自生态系统本身而不是母岩；降雨对大气碳具有重要&沉淀&作用，是碳的一个重要汇；不同植被类型表层岩溶系统对系统水份、空气湿度、气温、土温和近地表 CO2浓度等具有明显调节作用，具有不同的水土保持效益；不同母岩的岩溶生态系统的植被优势种、属差异明显，由此形成的小生境、地被物及其持水性差异巨大；对典型岩溶表层系统种子库的试验研究没有取得满意结果，但食果动物、鸟类对种子传播起到一定作用。

Steelmaking Plant can be reduced to 20ppm by increasing argon flow of RH degasser and controlling vacuity According to the above results, the main efforts to develop IF steels have been made at No 3 Steelmaking Plant.

研究结果表明：钢水增碳主要在大包中发生，影响钢水增碳的主要因素是钢液与包壁接触面积与钢水体积之比，在高温下，耐火材料中CO的压力和钢水中Als的含量对钢水增碳也有一定的影响；钢水脱氧后将增硅，钢水的增硅量主要受大包渣的碱度、中包绝热板材料和中包保护渣碱度的影响；通过增大RH真空处理装置的氩气流量和控制真空度，能将三炼钢厂大包钢水的碳含量降到20ppm左右。

The dynamics of soil organic carbon was analyzed by using laboratory incubation and double exponential model that mineralizable SOC was separated into active carbon pools and slow carbon pools in forest soils derived from Changbai and Qilian Mountain areas.

本文利用土壤培养实验和双指数模型（把土壤有机碳划分为活性碳和缓效性碳库）的方法，来分析确定长白山和祁连山的土壤有机碳的动态变化。

The complexing properties of compounds 10a, 10b, 11a and 11b toward alkali metal ions were studied by 〓H NMR titration, ESI-MS, UV-Vis spectra, Fluoresence spectra and liquid-liquid extraction. The results show:(1) the 1:1 complexes were formed.(2) The calix-crown 10a, 11a have a higher selectivity for Na〓 ions, whereas 10b, 11b for K〓 ions.(3) The complexing ability toward alkali metal ions was enhanced when the calix-crown have side arm carbonyl.(3) The coordination of alkali metal ions toward phenoxy, carbonyl and crown ethereal oxygens take place by rotation around the carbon-carbon bond of carbonyl and methylene.

六，用〓H NMR滴定，ESI-MS，UV-Vis，Fluorescence，液-液萃取实验研究了10a，10b，11a和11b对金属离子的配位性质，研究结果表明：1）杯芳烃冠醚衍生物同碱金属离子形成了1：1配合物，化合物10a、11a对Na〓具有较高的配位能力，化合物10b、11b对K〓具有较高的配位能力；2）在杯冠醚环的旁边引入带有羰基氧原子的基团作为侧臂参与配位可以加强对碱金属离子的配位能力；3）金属离子分别同苯酚氧，羰基氧，聚氧醚链氧发生了配位，配位过程中侧链基团涉及到了羰基碳与亚甲基碳的碳碳键的旋转过程。

Although the mode of carbon storage in the mantle is largely unknown, observations of microbubbles on dislocations in minerals from mantle xenoliths has led to the suggestion that carbon may be soluble in silicates at high pressure.

地球地幔中储存的碳的数量要比大气层和生物圈中碳的总量大几个数量级，所以，碳在地幔中的储存模式是全球碳预算中的一个重要问题。

Carbon is easier to react with steam than α-carbon, therefore adding a small amount of steam in feed gas can obviously suppress β-carbon deposit.

碳比α-碳更容易同水蒸汽作用，添加少量水蒸汽到反应气中能够明显抑制β-碳的生成。

Since the change from one to another involves rotation about the carbon-carbon bond, we describe this freedom to change by saying that there is free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond.

自从变化以后从一对另外一包括关于碳-碳的束缚的旋转，我们描述这自由藉由说有关于碳-碳的独身者束缚的自由的旋转改变。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。