碳环的

Therefore, the study of dynamic transport and flux of organic carbon in salt marsh areas is the key role in ecosystem of salt marsh areas, which is also a neglecting part of global carbon cycle research in coastal zone.

因此，盐沼地区有机碳的动力输移与通量研究在湿地生态系统碳循环中起着关键性作用，也是全球碳循环研究在海岸带比较薄弱的一环。

Seven series of monoethylalkanes found in the soil can also be detected in the stalagmite and they exhibit the same distribution patterns.

烷基环己烷的分布在土壤与石笋中呈现了相似的分布模式，但是主峰碳数有所变化，高碳数部分与低碳数部分的相对含量也发生了变化。

As the results, carbon blacks, chrysene and benzopyrene had similar effect on ICAM-1 regulation with motorcycle exhaust particles. It was supposed that three of them had an important role in motorcycle exhaust particles caused inflammatory response.

并且利用纯黑碳微粒与多环芳香烃类来探讨废气悬浮微粒所造成的影响成分为何，结果发现黑碳微粒和多环芳香烃中的benzopyrene与chrysene具有和MEP相类似的影响与反应，推估这三种成分在MEP所造成的发炎反应中应占有著一定的地位。

The polymers substituted with hexyl and octyl on phenylene also show a nematic phase, however, the nematic phase disappears for the polymer substituted with decyl. The polymers substituted with alkoxy on phenylene self-organize into a lamellar structure, and their phase behavior shows obvious dependence on the alkoxy length.

苯环上烷基、烷氧基取代的聚合物都具有纤维状的特征形貌，当烷基、烷氧基碳原子数为6时在高温都存在一个向列液晶相，当烷基碳原子数增加到10时液晶相消失，而烷氧基碳原子数增加到12时该向列液晶相仍然存在。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

The dissertation mainly consists of two parts:1. The Reaction Chemistry of Alkynes under Palladium Catalysis Part 1 studies the reaction α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with alkenylpalladium intermediate generated by nucleopalladation, and discovered 1 the Pd-catalyzed tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls,2 the four-component tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, 3 the tandem intramolecular oxypalladation-conjugate additionreaction of alkynoic acids with α,β-enals. These new reactions provide notonly efficient highly stereoselective methods for the synthesis of γ,δ-unsaturated,polyunsaturated carbonyl compounds and γ-lactonic aldehydes, but also thebasic transformations for a number of C-C bond formation reactions which can be usedto design synthesis of many acyclic, cyclic or polycyclic compounds.

本论文的主要工作分为两个部分：一、钯催化下炔烃的反应化学在本小组前人工作的基础上，我们详细研究了炔烃亲核钯化产生的烯基钯中间体与α，β-不饱和羰基化合物的反应，发现两价钯催化下卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的串联加成反应、卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的西组分串联加成及炔酸分子内氧钯化-串联Michael型加成反应；由此发展了γ，δ-不饱和醛酮、多不饱和羰基化合物和带有醛酮基侧链的γ-丁内酯衍生物的高立体选择性合成方法，这一过量卤离子存在下的烯基钯对α，β-不饱和羰基化合物共轭加成反应的发现，为大量碳-碳键形成反应的实现提供了基础，使我们能够从这一基本反应出发，设计和开发多种分子内、分子间的碳碳成键反应，以好的立体、区域选择性组建开链、环状及多环类型的化合物。

No brush No ring starter remove the traditional 、complicated、multiconduction component starting equipment. it is easy to operate and install, less repairing expense. the advantage is: to keep the original operation without rings、carbon brush、brush box、brush box shell、short circuit ring and ajustable rheostat frequency sensitive rheostat on secondary loop system AC connector and time relay.

无刷无环运行器把传统的、繁琐的、多触点元件组成的起动装置去掉，采用无刷无环运行，操作简单，安装拆卸方便，可大大减少维修费用，其优点是：去掉滑环、碳刷、刷盒、刷盒支架、短路环及二次回路系统中的频敏变阻器、交流接触器、时间继电器等元件，并可保持电机原有的运行特性。

No brush No ring starter remove the traditional 、complicated、multiconduction component starting equipment. it is easy to operate and install, less repairing expense. the advantage is: to keep the original operation without rings、carbon brush、brush box、brush box shell、short circuit ring and ajustable rheostat frequency sensitive rheostat on secondary loop system AC connector and time relay.

无刷无环起动器把传统的、繁琐的、多触点元件组成的起动装置去掉，采用无刷无环运行，操作简单，安装拆卸方便，可大大减少维修费用，其优点是：去掉滑环、碳刷、刷盒、刷盒支架、短路环及二次回路系统中的频敏变阻器、交流接触器、时间继电器等元件，并可保持电机原有的运行特性。

Advances in Research on Plants Reactions under Phosphate Starvation;2. Topics discussed in this article includes synthesis and structures of R2M24, the reactions of its metal-metal triple bond with various reagents such as nucleophiles, carbon-carbon mu.

本文对一类重要的ⅥB族金属叁键化合物R_2M_2_4(R为环戊二烯基及类环戊二烯基)近年来的研究成果进行了综述，综述重点是这类化合物的官能团M≡M参键的化学活性，全文包括R_2M_2_4的合成及结构，M≡M叁键与亲核试剂、与碳-碳重键，与氧或与金属羰基物等试剂的反应及其应用。

Topics discussed in this article includes synthesis and structures of R2M24, the reactions of its metal-metal triple bond with various reagents such as nucleophiles, carbon-carbon mu.

本文对一类重要的ⅥB族金属叁键化合物R_2M_2_4(R为环戊二烯基及类环戊二烯基)近年来的研究成果进行了综述，综述重点是这类化合物的官能团M≡M参键的化学活性，全文包括R_2M_2_4的合成及结构，M≡M叁键与亲核试剂、与碳-碳重键，与氧或与金属羰基物等试剂的反应及其应用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。