碳水化合物

Some carbon sources were added in the method of total biological acid precipitation.

碳源的加入可以用各种富含碳水化合物的废料充当。

Carbon Fixation- Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase All plants and algae remove CO2 from the environment and reduce it to carbohydrate by the Calvin cycle.

碳固定——核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶所有的植物和藻类吸收环境中的 CO2，通过卡尔文循环将其还原为碳水化合物。

Fiber is the indigestible carbohydrate found in plant cell walls and is either soluble or insoluble.

纤维是在植物细胞壁中不能消化的碳水化合物，分水溶性及非水溶性两种。

SW480 and SW620 cells were also used to study the gene regulation with high carbohydrate intake, where it was shown that during glycolysis eight genes, HK1 (nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1), GPI, GAPD (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), PGK1 (phosphoglycerate kinase 1), PGK2 (phosphoglycerate kinase 2), ENO2 (enolase 2), PKM2 (pyruvate kinase, muscle, transcript variant 2) and GLUT1 (facilitated glucose transporter, member 1) are over-expressed. In our study, we also found that during hypoxia of cancer tissues the resulting up-regulation of HIF-2α(hypoxia-inducible factor 2, alpha subunit) would in turn up-regulate the GLU1 gene, further activating glycolysis.

另一方面，在高碳水化合物的调控研究上，吾人也利用SW480和SW620细胞株分析证实醣解水解活化过程中，其六碳醣激酶-1(HK1)、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶-1(PGK1)、磷酸甘油酸激酶-2(PGK2)、烯醇酶-2(ENO2)、丙酮酸激酶-2(PKM2)以及葡萄糖输送蛋白-1(GLUT1)等共有8个基因是连续上升的过度表现；此外，吾人也发现当癌细胞在缺氧的组织中，其缺氧转录子-2α基因(HIF-2α)表现上升后，会活化GLU1基因上升，进一步活化醣解代谢的进行。

Most plants are C3 plants; they experience decreased carbohydrate production under hot, dry conditions as a result of the effects of photorespiration.

大部分植物是碳3植物，在高温干旱条件下，由于光呼吸作用而使碳水化合物的合成降低。

Particularly it has unique advantage for drying polymers and resins; dyestuff and pigment; ceramics, glass; derust agent; pesticide; carbohydrate, dairy products; detergent and surfactant; fertilizer, organic compound, inorganic compound and so on.

在聚合物和树脂类；染料、颜料类；陶瓷、玻璃类；除锈剂、杀虫药类；碳水化合物、乳制品类；洗涤剂和表面活性类；肥料类；有机化合物、无机化合物液体物料的干燥上，表现得尤为突出。

The results showed that elevated CO2 increased the R/S ratio and the dry mass of both coarse and fine roots, indicating that the seedlings under elevated CO2 allocated more biomass to their belowground part. Compared with control, elevated CO2 increased the contents of reducing sugar, sucrose, and total soluble sugar in coarse roots significantly, but had less effect on those in fine roots. Elevated CO2 increased the contents of starch and total non-structural carbohydrate both in coarse roots and in fine roots. Under elevated CO2, the carbon content in coarse and fine roots had an unsignificant increasing trend, while the nitrogen content decreased significantly, which resulted in an increase of C/N ratio.

结果表明：CO2浓度升高使红桦幼苗粗根和细根的干质量增加，同时根／冠值显著升高，表明CO2浓度升高使红桦幼苗生物量向根系的分配增加；与对照相比，粗根的还原糖、蔗糖和总可溶性糖含量显著增加，而在细根中没有显著变化；粗根、细根的淀粉和总的非结构性碳水化合物含量显著增加；CO2浓度升高下粗根和细根的碳含量有升高的趋势但未达到显著水平，同时氮含量降低，碳／氮值升高；氮的吸收量在粗根和细根中均无显著变化。

The results showed that elevated CO2 increased the R/S ratio and the dry mass of both coarse and fine roots, indicating that the seedlings under elevated CO2 allocated more biomass to their below- ground part. Compared with control, elevated CO2 increased the contents of reducing sugar, sucrose, and total soluble sugar in coarse roots significantly, but had less effect on those in fine roots. Elevated CO2 increased the contents of starch and total non-structural carbohydrate both in coarse roots and in fine roots. Under elevated CO2, the carbon content in coarse and fine roots had an unsignificant increasing trend, while the nitrogen content decreased signifi- cantly, which resulted in an increase of C/N ratio.

结果表明：CO2浓度升高使红桦幼苗粗根和细根的干质量增加，同时根／冠值显著升高，表明CO2浓度升高使红桦幼苗生物量向根系的分配增加；与对照相比，粗根的还原糖、蔗糖和总可溶性糖含量显著增加，而在细根中没有显著变化；粗根、细根的淀粉和总的非结构性碳水化合物含量显著增加；CO2浓度升高下粗根和细根的碳含量有升高的趋势但未达到显著水平，同时氮含量降低，碳／氮值升高；氮的吸收量在粗根和细根中均无显著变化。

It's also helpful to replace simple carbs, like candy and white bread, with complex carbs, like pears and whole-grain bread.

用像梨和全麦面包等复杂的碳水化合物代替简单的碳水化合物如糖果，白面包是有益的。

In the first chapter, two reviews on the synthesis of nitrogen compounds fromcarbohydrates and the synthesis of pyridines by Diels-Alder reaction were introducedrespectively.

第一章简要介绍了以碳水化合物为原料合成含氮杂环化合物的研究进展和以Diels-Alder反应合成吡啶类化合物的研究进展，确定了本论文的研究课题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。