碳循环

The understanding of biogeochemical cycle of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elements in nature ecosystem have increased substantially in the past two decades owing to the improvement of gas isotope ratio mass spectrometer and the wide application of isotopic studies with these elements.

近20年由於「气相同位素比值质谱仪」的改良和氢、氧、碳、氮和硫等稳定同位素的广泛研究，稳定同位素的研究技术已实质增加我们对於这些元素在自然生態系中生地化循环的瞭解。

Biomass-derived black carbon,also named biochar,has the characteristics of high stability against decay and high capability of adsorption,and can affect the environment through its interactions with climate and geology,playing a significant role in global climate change,carbon biogeochemical cycle,and environmental system.

生物质炭具有高度稳定性和较强的吸附性能，可从气候、地质等多方面对环境产生影响，在全球气候变化、碳生物地球化学循环以及环境系统中发挥着非常重要的作用，长期以来成为国内外大气科学、地质学和环境科学领域研究的热点。

Mo isotopic signatures in sediments can be used as an indicator for redox conditions of paleo-environment and corresponding paleo-oceanography. Therefore, molybdenum isotopes can be used as a powerful tool for understanding the redox conditions of local or regional depositional environment, the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur or carbon, and the geochemical evolution of ancient oceans.

沉积物中的Mo同位素既能指示古沉积环境的氧化还原条件，也能够指示与之相关的古海洋地理环境，因此，Mo同位素是了解局域至区域沉积环境的氧化还原条件、硫和碳地球化学循环及古海洋化学演化等的强有力工具。

Three theories dominate:(1) it is being dissolved in the ocean, and then it precipitates to the sea bottom as carbon rain; or (2) it is being deposited in soils by microbes; or (3), most controversial, the lost carbon is fueling growth of the world's savanna grass, or being turned into tree wood, on an imperceptible but massive scale that we haven't yet been able to measure.

其中有三个理论作为主导：(1)被海洋溶解了，最终作为碳雨沉到洋底。(2)被微生物降解到泥土中。(3)最具争议的，消失的碳变成了热带草原，或者成了树木，以一种我们未曾察觉但是却很大量的循环存在。

The Si/C composite was obtained by pyrolyzing polyvinyl chloride, in which fine graphite and silicon powder are homogeneously dispersed.

本文采用高比容量的硅为主要活性体，采用体积效应小、循环稳定性好的碳为载体，通过高温热解以及高能球磨等方法制备了新型的硅／碳复合材料，并对其电化学性能进行了研究。

In the simulation, the effects of the snorkel diameter, circulation flow rate , lift gas flow rate, oxygen content, and vacuum vessel pressure were taken into account.

对RH真空精炼时的脱碳、脱氧、脱氮和脱氢过程进行了动态模拟研究，考察了浸渍管直径、循环流量、吹氩量、氧含量和真空度对脱碳和脱气过程的影响。

We analyzed and discussed the characteristics of cycle of carbon and water,and after having obtained important physiological parameters based on field experiment,a process-based, multilayer two-leaf model which calculates energy and material cycle separately for sunlit and shaded leaves was developed,then characteristic of CO_2 fluxes above the canopy was simulated.The main results are as follows:1.Characteristics of carbon and water cycle in the relationship of leaf photosynthesis -stomatal conductance-transpiration.

本研究以冬小麦为研究对象，利用LI-6400R光合—蒸腾测量系统、LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室和禹城生态试验站涡度相关系统等高精度仪器设备，对2007年和2008年小麦拔节至乳熟期间涉及碳、水循环过程的叶片光合—蒸腾作用、土壤呼吸作用及相关农田气象要素和植被特征进行了野外试验测定和分析，在试验观测基础上提取了重要生理参数，建立了基于过程的农田与大气间物质输送和能量交换的多层—双叶模型，并对2008年试验期间冠层上方碳通量特征进行了模拟，试验分析和模拟的主要结论如下：1。

Carbon micro-coils were modified with ruthenium oxide(RuO2) by gel method,the RuO2/carbon micro-coils electrodes were prepared and button type supercapacitors were assembled.

利用凝胶法在碳微线圈上进行氧化钌(RuO2)修饰，制备RuO2/碳微线圈电极，组装成纽扣式超级电容器，比较了两种电极材料的循环伏安及恒流充放电特性。

Cartridge:, the print cartridge life cycle of two or more generally, the chemical shelf-life may also be at more than one year;, because raw materials, recycling, and cartridge production in line with the international environmental protection standards also reached the physical properties of ISO standards;, we test the penetration of toner capacity and firmness to ensure that no edges when printing machine, non-proliferation, water does not fade, and with permanent;, we in the production of selenium drum, press the production of technical standards for irrigation powder, test print number of sheets to ensure that the cartridges produced by the best of prices;, the plate making capacity toner cartridges, we have to do rigorous testing, especially the toner to the paper sulfate infiltration capacity, to ensure that cartridges can meet the special needs of the industries;, cartridge in the print version of the black and white version, ghost version, gray version, self-Edition, Standard Edition, such as a number of parameters, we ensure that the production Photo print cartridge outenough bright, clear enough.

硒鼓：①、硒鼓的打印寿命一般在两个周期以上，其化学保质期也可在一年以上；②、由于原材料的再循环性，硒鼓的生产符合国际性的环保标准，其各项物理性能也达到ISO标准；③、我们检验碳粉的渗透能力和牢固度，保证在打印图文时无毛边、不扩散、遇水不退色，且具有永久性；④、我们在生产硒鼓时，按生产技术标准灌粉，检验打印张数，保证生产出来的硒鼓具有最好的性比价；⑤、硒鼓的制版能力，我们做到严格检验，特别是碳粉对硫酸纸的渗透能力，保证硒鼓能满足于特殊行业的需求；⑥、硒鼓在打印时的黑版、白版、鬼影版、灰版、自检版、标准版等多项参数，我们保证所生产出来硒鼓的打印图文够黑、够亮、够清晰。

Several main results on the evolutions of the life and environment on early earth are summarized as follows:(1) the oxygenation of surface environment didn''t cease until a stable stage for 0.4Ga appeared after 1.6Ga;(2) compared to the isotopic compositions of kerogens and coexisted carbonates, the differences between two can effectively carrier the signals from local environments and bio-assemblages;(3) multiple isotopic relationships between kerogens and individual alkanes in Proterozoic samples were observed, which would depend on the specific biogeochemical processes;(4) repeated biogeochemical changes were observed accompanying Neoproerozoic glaciations, which suggesting that environmental rather than evolutionary forces were driving the biogeochemical changes;(5) the bio-radiations after Neoproterozoic glaciations were definitely suggested by molecular and isotopic data to be at the early Cambrian and after the middle of Doushantuo deposition with different triggers for them.

研究获得以下重要认识：（1）古元古代地表环境的氧化可能一直持续到中元古代早期(约1.6Ga)，而在此之后的4亿年里则保持相对稳定；（2）相对于传统的干酪根和碳酸盐的碳同位素组成，二者之差则能更好反映区域环境的演化特征；（3）在元古代干酪根与单体烷烃类之间存在多种碳同位素组成关系；而其与不同的生物地球化学过程有关；（4）全球海洋生物地球化学特征随新元古代多次冰期出现循环波动，这显然为环境因子的驱动；（5）在新元古代大冰期之后，分子与同位素数据显示地球生命在陡山沱中后期和早前寒武纪出现两次大辐射，然而两次生命辐射的本质却是不同的。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。