碳化过程

According to the building blocks concept dicyandiamide N≡C-NH-C (NH〓=NH was selected as the precursor to improve the nitrogen content in the electrodeposited carbon nitride films.

以丙酮为分散介质，在阳极电沉积过程中制备得N含量为48％的氮化碳薄膜，此膜中有一定量的C=N和C≡N键，热退火使得C≡N减弱，C-N增强。

He proved that the left ward turning of Yangtze river diluted water is mainly resulted from the interaction between the bottom declining and the lag of the transversal pressure gradient, made the numerical simulation and preliminary study on the thermohaline staircase structure formation mechanism, improved American Academician Wunsch's inverse method of ocean circulation, jointed the discover of " Mindanao Under Current", which is the first ocean current found and named by Chinese scientists and widely accepted over the world, simulated the horizontal and vertical carbon fluxes in East China Sea by a simple ecosystem model, estimated the photosynthesis efficiency less than 8% in Jiaozhou Bay, applied statistical downscaling technology to Chinese coast and Japanese islands realizing the simulation and forecast of sea level low frequency variations, pointed out that the quasi-periodicity of El Nino events should be resulted from the interaction between the 3~4 year oscillation in tropical Pacific and decadal oscillation in the northern Pacific of middle latitudes of the air-sea coupled climate system and at decadal time scale the precipitation influence on sea level variation along Chinese coast and Japanese islands becomes more important, which is closely related to the decadal oscillation of air-sea coupled climate system, therefore precipitation most likely play a major role for the decadal oscillation formation;; proposed Extended Associate Pattern Analysis to analyse combined observed datasets of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure or geopotential hight at 1000 hPa (GH1000) over the Pacific and related seas.

论证了长江冲淡水向左转向主要由于底形下倾与横向压力梯度滞后相互作用的结果。对温盐阶梯结构的形成过程及物理机制进行了数值模拟与初步探讨。改进了美国科学院院士Wunsch的大洋环流反演法。与胡敦欣院士共同发现了"棉兰老潜流"，这是第一支由中国科学家发现、命名并得到普遍承认的洋流。借助较为简单的生态模式数值模拟了东海的水平与垂直碳通量；胶州湾浮游植物的屏蔽效应可以使底层海水温度在升温季节降低2度，由此推算出其光合作用的效率应小于8%；浮游植物春季水华的生物过程实际上强化了海水层化的物理过程。将统计学降尺度技术应用于日本列岛和我国沿海，实现了海平面长周期变化的模拟与预报。

The formation of 1,3- and 1,6-DMC resulted from methylation at ring carbon 3 and 6, which have identical reaction activities, in 1-methylcarbazole in kerogen matrix with identical rate. The 1,4- and 1,...

相对于1，3-DMC和1，6-DMC而言，1，4-DMC和1，5-DMC显示出相当一致的变化趋势，表明了在1-甲基咔唑进一步的甲基化中，3、6与4、5环碳位上存在竞争性反应过程。

We tested the following items every two hours before and after those nitrobacteria worked,respectively,i.e.,ammonium,nitrite,nitrate and the δ13C values of dissolved organic matter.

有机质矿化分解过程中，碳同位素经过化学反应、蒸发、扩散和生物化学等过程发生同位素分馏，δ13C值发生相应的变化[4，13]。

The energy is from oxidize of organic, not gain energy from Fe(superscript 2+) oxidation.

结果表明，该菌株的营养类型为化能有机营养型，其能源主要来自有机碳源的氧化，并不能从Fe(上标 2+)氧化过程中获取能量。

Microstructure evolution in eutectoid steel during warm deformation in the temperature range from 600 to 700℃ was investigated by simulating hot compression test, SEM and thermomagnetic measurement. The effects of deformation and subsequent annealing on the spheroidizing of pearlite, refining of microstructure and dissolution of cementite were studied.

利用热模拟压缩变形、SEM和热磁法实验，研究了共析钢在600~700℃变形过程的组织演变规律，探讨了变形及随后保温过程对珠光体球化、组织超细化和渗碳体溶解、再析出的影响。

Then, gasification experiments of high ash melting point coal with dry pulverized coal feeding were carried out on the gasification test system, the flame images were observed to validate the feasibility of flameless gasification inside the gasifier, temperature distributing inner the gasifier and syngas components were measured under different / atom ratio and steam/coal ratio conditions.

进而，建立煤粉气化炉的物理和数学模型，运用概率密度函数方法对高灰熔点煤在基于无焰氧化的煤粉气化炉内的气化过程进行了模拟计算，参照小试的试验工况，验证了气化炉模型；分析了不同氧碳原子比、蒸汽煤比和气化压力对高灰熔点煤气化特性的影响，并可视化地研究在典型工况下高灰熔点煤在该气化炉中气化过程，为进一步炉型结构和气化工艺的优化设计提供依据。

According to the microalloying and strengthening and toughening principles of steel,a theoretical calculation method and optimum alloying design to determine titanium content in carbonizing steel were proposed.

根据钢铁材料的微合金化原理和强韧化原理，对广泛使用的含钛渗碳钢的钛含量进行了理论计算分析和优化设计，结果表明，适当降低钛含量，不影响其在渗碳过程中阻止奥氏体晶粒长大的作用，但可有效地减少或消除含钛渗碳钢中的液析氮化钛，从而提高钢材的力学性能。

In chapter 6, the passivation film formation、charge transfer across the carbon/passivation film interface and the diffusion of lithium in solid for the 650℃ and 900℃ PPP-based carbons are investigated by ac impedance.

讨论了电解液的组成对碳电极上成膜过程的影响，钝化膜的生成、气体的放出和电化学嵌入反应是三个相互竞争的过程，含脂类的溶剂倾向于成膜。

Catalysts with metal compound promotors are widely used in sulfur recovery units.

各种负载金属催化剂在硫磺装置上被广泛应用，这些催化剂在停工过程中需要进行还原、热浸泡、烧碳再生、惰性气体吹扫、钝化处理，这些处理过程都面临过氧导致催化剂床层飞温危险。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。